INC styleguide

Style Guide for INC publication series

Language style

• Try not to use ‘formal’ language. INC publications are not academic publications (though they answer to an academic level of content), so avoid speak such as: ‘In this paper we will show’, ‘The methodological questions are’, etc. and try to use anecdotes and a lively style of writing. Open with a telling example or statement and explain how this can be understood, rather than starting with a summary of what follows.

• When in doubt, follow the Chicago Manual of Style newest edition.

• Reference Merriam-Webster (online version) for spelling issues.

Document Formatting / Layout

General

• Submissions should be sent preferably in .docx.
• Use only one clean and clear font, the same throughout.
• The whole text should have Normal style as default.
• Title should have Heading 1 style
• Author's name should have Heading 3 style - as to not generate sections in TOC
• Article sections should have Header 2
• Subsections in Header 3 style.
• Blockquotes (quotations longer than four lines) are styled by indenting the whole blockquote.
• Use single spacing between lines.
• Text should be aligned on the left.
• Do not use tabs for paragraph breaks at any time but a white space between paragraphs.
• Add italics where needed (references, emphasis on single words).
• Do not use underlining at any time.

INC Specific

• URLs in the body text should not be clickable.

• All headings and subtitles are capitalized. Capitalize the first word of the title, the last word of the title, and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives. Do not capitalize prepositions or conjunctions unless contain more than 4 letters. For example: Social Media Monopolies and Their Alternatives.

• Italicize (no quotation marks) proper names such as films, books, television series, works of art, etc. Song titles, for example, are placed between single quotation marks, while album titles are italicized.

• Use the serial comma.

Footnotes and referencing

• All references should be auto-inserted footnotes (in other words, no in text references that use parentheses/brackets). For example, not: Off the Press discusses the question of digital publishing (Lorusso, 2013). But: Off the Press discusses the question of digital publishing.[^1]

• All references should also be collected into a Reference list at the end of the article.

• Always put a period at the end of a footnote, even if it just a URL (make sure the URL still works).

• Footnote numbers comes after comma/period; this is also the case if the comma/period follows a quotation mark. I.e.: ‘an alternative network’.^2

• URLs in footnotes should be clickable.

• In the footnotes and in the reference list full URLs should be clickable but not stylized as links (no color or underlining).

• Make sure all references that appear in footnotes also appear in the reference list at the end of the text.

• Dates in footnotes should be 19 November 2010 (not November 19, 2010).

• For specific formatting of footnotes and reference list, see further on in this style guide.

Quotations

• For quotations longer than four lines use blockquote. Don’t use quotation marks around a block quote. When needed, use double quotations marks inside a block quote.

• Commas and full stops should be placed after the quotation mark, if they’re not part of the quotation.

• All quotations should use single quotation marks except in instances of a quote inside a quote (in such cases use double quotation marks inside single quotation marks).

• If ellipsis are used in a quotation because the article’s author has removed or altered text, for example for the sentence to read grammatically correctly, be sure to put square brackets […] or [has] around the ellipsis to indicate this notation is made by the author.

Images

• Authors must have copyright to the images, or permission to use them.

• Images can be in full colour or black and white (note that the print edition will be black and white).

• Images should be included in the text file at the right position as 72 dpi jpeg and, at the same time, sent separately as 300 dpi tiff (suitable for for print).

• Files must be properly named and numbered in the following format: <Author_image1.tiff> / <Author_image1.jpg>

• Include captions below the images. Start with ‘Fig. 1.’ etc. Do not put image and caption in a table, but write the caption as a normal sentence under the picture.

Word Choice:

• Use American spelling:

* favor, color, honor, theater, center vs. favour, colour, honour, theatre, centre,

* use ‘-ize’ instead of ‘-ise’ For instance, organize, categorize, standardize, authorize, etc.

• Although the INC uses American English, if quotes use British or other spellings, leave as is in the original quote – do not change to U.S. English.

• internet, not Internet

• web not Web (but World Wide Web should be capitalized, and Web 2.0)

• 18th not eighteenth century

• 90s not nineties

Footnote and End References:

Text references in footnotes and in the list of works cited (bibliography, aka Reference List) should follow the same formatting. Footnote references should adopt the following formats:

Anonymous/unknown authors:

Largely found in news outlets (print and online) as well as blogs etc. If no author given, the citation should begin with the name of the article in single brackets.

Books

David Harvey, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Antonio Negri, Insurgencies: Constituent Power and the Modern State, trans. Maurizia Boscagli, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.

Edited books [note: ed. and eds – no full stop after eds]

Paul Di Maggio (ed.) The Twenty­ First Century Firm: Changing Economic Organization in International Perspective, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.

Kevin Robbins and Frank Webster (eds) The Virtual University? Knowledge, Markets and Managment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

If edition of book is marked

Jessica Benjamin, Shadow of the Other: Intersubjectivity and Gender in Psychoanalysis, 1st edition, London: Routledge, 1997.

If original publication date of book is given

Display date of current publication followed by original date in brackets – this is largely the case for theoretical and other classical works that have been published and circulated in the past century, but maintain consistent used and reprint. For example:

Walter Benjamin, 'Critique of Violence', trans. Edmund Jephcott, in Walter Benjamin, One-Way Street and Other Writings, London: NLB, 1979 (1921), pp. 236-252.

Translated books

Paolo Virno, A Grammar of the Multitude, trans. James Cascaito, Isabella Bertoletti, and Andrea Casson, forw. Sylvère Lotringer, New York: Semiotext(e), 2004.

Chapters in books

Mario Tronti, ‘The Strategy of Refusal’, trans. Red Notes, in Sylvère Lotringer and Christian Marazzi (eds) Italy: Autonomia, Post­Political Politics, New York: Semiotext(e), 1980, pp. 28-35.

Mike Newnham, ‘Foreword’, in Paul Miller and Paul Skidmore, Disorganisation: Why Future Organisations must ‘Loosen Up’, London: Demos, 2004, p. 9. Available at: http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Disorganisation.pdf.

Ernesto Laclau, ‘Can Immanence Explain Social Struggles?, in Paul A. Passavant and Jodi Dean (eds) Empire’s New Clothes: Reading Hardt and Negri, New York and London: Routledge, 2004, p. 27.

If chapter listed from book is written by same author:

Walter Benjamin, 'Critique of Violence', trans. Edmund Jephcott, in Walter Benjamin, One-Way Street and Other Writings, London: NLB, 1979 (1921), pp. 236-252.

Journal articles [note: full page no’s given in list of references at end of essay]

Andrew Murphie, ‘The World as Clock: The Network Society and Experimental Ecologies’, Topia: A Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 11 (Spring, 2004): 136.

Angela Mitropoulos and Brett Neilson, ‘Exceptional Times, Non­Governmental Spacings, and Impolitical Movements’, Vacarme (January, 2006), http://www.vacarme.eu.org/article484.html.

Branden W. Joseph and Paolo Virno, ‘Interview with Paolo Virno’, trans. Alessia Ricciardi, Grey Room 21 (Fall, 2005): 32, http://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/pdf/GR21_026­037_Jospeph.pdf.

Timothy Brennan, ‘The Empire’s New Clothes’, Critical Inquiry 29.2 (2003): 337­-367.

Phillip E. Agre, ‘Real­Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process’, The Information Society 18.5 (2002): 311-­331. Also available from: http://polaris.gseis.ucla.edu/pagre/real­time.html.

Thesis

Author First Name and Last name, Title of dissertation, PhD diss., Name of Faculty if known, Name of Institution, City/Country Location, Year.

Websites [note: no need to detail access date]

Bologna Secretariat, http://www.dfes.gov.uk/bologna/.

Google Now, http://www.google.com/landing/now/.

Pages from blogs

Joseph Reagle, ‘Open Communities and Closed Law’, Open Codex blog, 13 June 2006, http://reagle.org/joseph/blog/culture/wikipedia/open­ discourseclosed­ law?showcomments=yes.

Jon Beasley­ Murray, ‘Politics’, Posthegemony: Hegemony, Posthegemony, and Related Matters, 16 July 2006, http://posthegemony.blogspot.com/2006/07/politics.html.

Postings to mailing lists

Brian Holmes, ‘The Flexible Personality’ (Parts 1 & 2), posting to nettime mailing list, 5 January 2002, http://www.nettime.org.

[if there is an online archive of the mailing list, and a URL is available for the specific content, please list this]

Conferences/events

Dark Markets: Infopolitics, Electronic Media and Democracy in Times of Crisis, International Conference by Public Netbase/t0, Muesumsplatz, Vienna, 3­4 October, 2002, http://darkmarkets.t0.or.at.

Presentations at Conference/events

Harry Halpin, ‘The Hidden History of the “Like” Button’, Unlike Us: Understanding Social Media and their Monopolies Conference, Amsterdam, 8-10 March 2012, URL or presentation if possible, or conference URL.

Films

Organizing the Unorganizables (dir. Florian Schneider, 2002), downloadable at: http://wastun.org/organizing.

Newspapers

Douglas Adams, ‘How to Stop Worrying and Learn to Love the Internet’, The Sunday Times, 29 August 1999, http://www.douglasadams.com/dna/19990901-00-a.html.

David Mehegan, ‘Bias, Sabotage Haunt Wikipedia’s Free World’, Boston Globe, 12 February 2006.

Books

Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Magazines

Nick Carr, ‘Is Google Making Us Stupid?’, Atlantic Monthly, July 2008, http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200807/google.

Wikipedia

Wikipedia contributors, ‘Criticism of Wikipedia’, 28 October 2010, http://en.wikipedia.org/?oldid=393467654, accessed 1 November 2010.

Forum / Discussion post

R. Sadler, 'How to Cite a contribution to the Forum’, 3 November 2006, TESL Reading and Writing Forum, http://www.eslweb.org/resources/index.php?topic=256.0.

Facebook update/post

Auschwitz Memorial / Muzeum Auschwitz, ‘On 13-14 March 1943 German […]’, Facebook update, 13 March 2012, 13:25, http://www.facebook.com/auschwitzmemorial/posts/10150592000141097.

[Facebook user/group profile name, title of update/post, Facebook update, date, time, URL of specific post/update.]

**Twitter tweet **

@El_Deeb, ‘#Tahrir has turned into a lifestyle, a way of living, a utopian city’, Twitter post, 25 November 2011, 1:56 AM, https://twitter.com/#!/El_Deewb/status/140006010197786624.

[Twitter user name, twitter post text, Twitter post, date, time, URL of tweet. ]

For footnote references that have more than one citation, provide a short reference for subsequent uses:

First citation:

Marc Bousquet, ‘The “Informal Economy” of the Information University’, Workplace: A Journal for Academic Labour 5.1 (2002), http://www.cust.educ.ubc.ca/workplace/issue5p1/bousquetinformal.html.

Second/third/etc. footnote citation:

Bousquet, ‘The “Informal Economy” of the Information University’.

If the first citation has a subtitle, then drop the subtitle in future references.

References/Bibliography List at End of Text:

At the end of your essay provide a full list of all references. The difference from the above references is that they should be listed alphabetically with author’s surname first.

Also substitute the comma that follows authors name with a period.

For anonymous texts or texts with unknown author, the citation should begin with the title of the article in single brackets, the first letter of which signals the citations place in the alphabetized bibliography list.

Example

Adorno, Theodor W. Negative Dialectics, trans. E. B. Ashton, London: Routledge, 1990.

Agamben, Giorgio. The Coming Community, trans. Michael Hardt, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

Agre, Phil. ‘Commodity and Community: Institutional Design for the Networked University’, in Kevin Robbins and Frank Webster (eds) The Virtual University? Knowledge, Markets and Managment, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 210­-223.

_____. ‘Real­Time Politics: The Internet and the Political Process’, The Information Society 18.5 (2002): 311­-331.

Althusser, Louis. ‘Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses’, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, trans. Ben Brewster, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971, pp. 127-­186.

Althusser, Louis and Balibar, Étienne. Reading Capital, trans. Ben Brewster, London: Verso, 1979.

Angus, Ian. ‘The Politics of Common Sense: Articulation Theory and Critical Communication Studies’, Communication Yearbook 15 (1992): 535-­570.

_____. ‘Orality in the Twilight of Humanism: A Critique of the Communication Theory of Harold Innis’, Continuum: The Australian Journal of Media & Culture 7.1 (1993): 16­42.

_____. ‘The Materiality of Expression: Harold Innis’ Communication Theory and the Discursive Turn in the Human Sciences’, Canadian Journal of Communication 23.1 (1998): 9­29.

[^1]: Lorusso, 2013, p. 23.