This library provides debugging functionality to Ruby (MRI) 2.7 and later.
This debug.rb is the replacement of traditional lib/debug.rb standard library, which is implemented by set_trace_func
.
New debug.rb has several advantages:
-
Fast: No performance penalty on non-stepping mode and non-breakpoints.
-
Remote debugging: Support remote debugging natively.
-
UNIX domain socket (UDS)
-
TCP/IP
-
Integration with rich debugger frontends
Frontend Console VSCode Chrome DevTool Connection UDS, TCP/IP UDS, TCP/IP TCP/IP Requirement No vscode-rdbg Chrome
-
-
Extensible: application can introduce debugging support in several ways:
- By
rdbg
command - By loading libraries with
-r
command line option - By calling Ruby's method explicitly
- By
-
Misc
- Support threads (almost done) and ractors (TODO).
- Support suspending and entering to the console debugging with
Ctrl-C
at most of timing. - Show parameters on backtrace command.
- Support recording & replay debugging.
$ gem install debug
or specify -Ipath/to/debug/lib
in RUBYOPT
or each ruby command-line option, especially for debug this gem development.
If you use Bundler, write the following line to your Gemfile.
gem "debug", ">= 1.0.0"
(The version constraint is important; debug < 1.0.0
is an older,
abandoned gem that is completely different from this product.)
To use a debugger, roughly you will do the following steps:
- Set breakpoints.
- Run a program with the debugger.
- At the breakpoint, enter the debugger console.
- Use debug commands.
- Evaluate Ruby expressions (e.g.
p lvar
to see the local variablelvar
). - Query the program status (e.g.
info
to see information about the current frame). - Control program flow (e.g. move to another line with
step
, to the next line withnext
). - Set another breakpoint (e.g.
catch Exception
to set a breakpoint that'll be triggered whenException
is raised). - Activate tracing in your program (e.g.
trace call
to trace method calls). - Change the configuration (e.g.
config set no_color true
to disable coloring). - Continue the program (
c
orcontinue
) and goto 3.
- Evaluate Ruby expressions (e.g.
There are several options for (1) and (2). Please choose your favorite way.
Modify source code with binding.break
(similar to binding.pry
or binding.irb
)
If you can modify the source code, you can use the debugger by adding require 'debug'
at the top of your program and putting binding.break
method into lines where you want to stop as breakpoints like binding.pry
and binding.irb
.
You can also use its 2 aliases in the same way:
binding.b
debugger
After that, run the program as usual and you will enter the debug console at breakpoints you inserted.
The following example shows the demonstration of binding.break
.
$ cat target.rb # Sample program
require 'debug'
a = 1
b = 2
binding.break # Program will stop here
c = 3
d = 4
binding.break # Program will stop here
p [a, b, c, d]
$ ruby target.rb # Run the program normally.
DEBUGGER: Session start (pid: 7604)
[1, 10] in target.rb
1| require 'debug'
2|
3| a = 1
4| b = 2
=> 5| binding.break # Now you can see it stops at this line
6| c = 3
7| d = 4
8| binding.break
9| p [a, b, c, d]
10|
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:5
(rdbg) info locals # You can show local variables
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:5
%self => main
a => 1
b => 2
c => nil
d => nil
(rdbg) continue # Continue the execution
[3, 11] in target.rb
3| a = 1
4| b = 2
5| binding.break
6| c = 3
7| d = 4
=> 8| binding.break # Again the program stops here
9| p [a, b, c, d]
10|
11| __END__
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:8
(rdbg) info locals # And you can see the updated local variables
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:8
%self => main
a => 1
b => 2
c => 3
d => 4
(rdbg) continue
[1, 2, 3, 4]
If you don't want to modify the source code, you can set breakpoints with a debug command break
(b
for short).
Using rdbg
command (or bundle exec rdbg
) to launch the program without any modifications, you can run the program with the debugger.
$ cat target.rb # Sample program
a = 1
b = 2
c = 3
d = 4
p [a, b, c, d]
$ rdbg target.rb # run like `ruby target.rb`
DEBUGGER: Session start (pid: 7656)
[1, 7] in target.rb
=> 1| a = 1
2| b = 2
3| c = 3
4| d = 4
5| p [a, b, c, d]
6|
7| __END__
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:1
(rdbg)
rdbg
command suspends the program at the beginning of the given script (target.rb
in this case) and you can use debug commands. (rdbg)
is prompt. Let's set breakpoints on line 3 and line 5 with break
command (b
for short).
(rdbg) break 3 # set breakpoint at line 3
#0 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:3 (line)
(rdbg) b 5 # set breakpoint at line 5
#1 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:5 (line)
(rdbg) break # show all registered breakpoints
#0 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:3 (line)
#1 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:5 (line)
You can see that two breakpoints are registered. Let's continue the program by using the continue
command.
(rdbg) continue
[1, 7] in target.rb
1| a = 1
2| b = 2
=> 3| c = 3
4| d = 4
5| p [a, b, c, d]
6|
7| __END__
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:3
Stop by #0 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:3 (line)
(rdbg)
You can see that we can stop at line 3.
Let's see the local variables with the info
command, and continue.
You can also confirm that the program will suspend at line 5 and you can use the info
command again.
(rdbg) info
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:3
%self => main
a => 1
b => 2
c => nil
d => nil
(rdbg) continue
[1, 7] in target.rb
1| a = 1
2| b = 2
3| c = 3
4| d = 4
=> 5| p [a, b, c, d]
6|
7| __END__
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:5
Stop by #1 BP - Line /mnt/c/ko1/src/rb/ruby-debug/target.rb:5 (line)
(rdbg) info
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:5
%self => main
a => 1
b => 2
c => 3
d => 4
(rdbg) continue
[1, 2, 3, 4]
By the way, using rdbg
command you can suspend your application with C-c
(SIGINT) and enter the debug console.
It will help if you want to know what the program is doing.
If you want to run a command written in Ruby like rake
, rails
, bundle
, rspec
, and so on, you can use rdbg -c
option.
- Without
-c
option,rdbg <name>
means that<name>
is Ruby script and invoke it likeruby <name>
with the debugger. - With
-c
option,rdbg -c <name>
means that<name>
is a command inPATH
and simply invokes it with the debugger.
Examples:
rdbg -c -- rails server
rdbg -c -- bundle exec ruby foo.rb
rdbg -c -- bundle exec rake test
rdbg -c -- ruby target.rb
is same asrdbg target.rb
NOTE: --
is needed to separate the command line options for rdbg
and invoking command. For example, rdbg -c rake -T
is recognized like rdbg -c -T -- rake
. It should be rdbg -c -- rake -T
.
NOTE: If you want to use bundler (bundle
command), you need to write gem debug
line in your Gemfile
.
Like other languages, you can use this debugger on the VSCode.
- Install VSCode rdbg Ruby Debugger - Visual Studio Marketplace
- Open
.rb
file (e.g.target.rb
) - Register breakpoints with "Toggle breakpoint" in the Run menu (or type F9 key)
- Choose "Start debugging" in "Run" menu (or type F5 key)
- You will see a dialog "Debug command line" and you can choose your favorite command line you want to run.
- Chosen command line is invoked with
rdbg -c
, and VSCode shows the details at breakpoints.
Please refer to Debugging in Visual Studio Code for operations on VSCode.
You can configure the extension in .vscode/launch.json
.
Please see the extension page for more details.
You can use this debugger as a remote debugger. For example, it will help in the following situations:
- Your application does not run on TTY, and it is hard to use
binding.pry
orbinding.irb
.- Your application is running on a Docker container, and there is no TTY.
- Your application is running as a daemon.
- Your application uses pipe for STDIN or STDOUT.
- Your application is running as a daemon and you want to query the running status (checking a backtrace and so on).
You can run your application as a remote debuggee, and the remote debugger console can attach to the debuggee anytime.
There are multiple ways to run your program as a debuggee:
Stop at program start | rdbg option |
require | debugger API |
---|---|---|---|
Yes | rdbg --open |
require "debug/open" |
DEBUGGER__.open |
No | rdbg --open --nonstop |
require "debug/open_nonstop" |
DEBUGGER__.open(nonstop: true) |
You can run a script with rdbg --open target.rb
command and run a target.rb
as a debuggee program. It also opens the network port and suspends at the beginning of target.rb
.
$ exe/rdbg --open target.rb
DEBUGGER: Session start (pid: 7773)
DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/home/ko1/.ruby-debug-sock/ruby-debug-ko1-7773)
DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection...
By default, rdbg --open
uses UNIX domain socket and generates the path name automatically (/home/ko1/.ruby-debug-sock/ruby-debug-ko1-7773
in this case).
You can connect to the debuggee with rdbg --attach
command (rdbg -A
for short).
$ rdbg -A
[1, 7] in target.rb
=> 1| a = 1
2| b = 2
3| c = 3
4| d = 4
5| p [a, b, c, d]
6|
7| __END__
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:1
(rdbg:remote)
If there are no other opening ports on the default directory, rdbg --attach
command chooses the only one opening UNIX domain socket and connects to it. If there are more files, you need to specify the file.
When rdbg --attach
connects to the debuggee, you can use any debug commands (set breakpoints, continue the program, and so on) like the local debug console. When a debuggee program exits, the remote console will also terminate.
NOTE: If you use the quit
command, only the remote console exits and the debuggee program continues to run (and you can connect it again). If you want to exit the debuggee program, use kill
command.
If you want to use TCP/IP for the remote debugging, you need to specify the port and host with --port
like rdbg --open --port 12345
and it binds to localhost:12345
.
To connect to the debuggee, you need to specify the port.
$ rdbg --attach 12345
If you want to choose the host to bind, you can use --host
option.
Note that all messages communicated between the debugger and the debuggee are NOT encrypted so please use remote debugging carefully.
If you can modify the program, you can open the debugging port by adding require 'debug/open'
line in the program.
If you don't want to stop the program at the beginning, you can also use require 'debug/open_nonstop'
.
Using debug/open_nonstop
is useful if you want to open a backdoor to the application.
However, it is also dangerous because it can become another vulnerability.
Please use it carefully.
By default, UNIX domain socket is used for the debugging port. To use TCP/IP, you can set the RUBY_DEBUG_PORT
environment variable.
$ RUBY_DEBUG_PORT=12345 ruby target.rb
You can attach with external debugger frontend with VSCode and Chrome.
$ rdbg --open=[frontend] target.rb
will open a debug port and [frontend]
can attach to the port.
Also open
command allows opening the debug port.
(vscode-rdbg v0.0.9 or later is required)
If you don't run a debuggee Ruby process on VSCode, you can attach it to VSCode later with the following steps.
rdbg --open=vscode
opens the debug port and tries to invoke the VSCode (code
command).
$ rdbg --open=vscode target.rb
DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/tmp/ruby-debug-sock-1000/ruby-debug-ko1-27706)
DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection...
Launching: code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-27706-gd7e85/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-27706-gd7e85/README.rb
DEBUGGER: Connected.
And it tries to invoke the new VSCode window and VSCode starts attaching to the debuggee Ruby program automatically.
You can also use open vscode
command in REPL.
$ rdbg target.rb
[1, 8] in target.rb
1|
=> 2| p a = 1
3| p b = 2
4| p c = 3
5| p d = 4
6| p e = 5
7|
8| __END__
=>#0 <main> at target.rb:2
(rdbg) open vscode # command
DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection...
DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/tmp/ruby-debug-sock-1000/ruby-debug-ko1-28337)
Launching: code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-28337-kg9dm/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-28337-kg9dm/README.rb
DEBUGGER: Connected.
If the machine which runs the Ruby process doesn't have a code
command, the following message will be shown:
(rdbg) open vscode
DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection...
DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via UNIX domain socket (/tmp/ruby-debug-sock-1000/ruby-debug-ko1-455)
Launching: code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/README.rb
DEBUGGER: Can not invoke the command.
Use the command-line on your terminal (with modification if you need).
code /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/README.rb
If your application is running on a SSH remote host, please try:
code --remote ssh-remote+[SSH hostname] /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/ /tmp/ruby-debug-vscode-20211014-455-gtjpwi/README.rb
and try to use the proposed commands.
Note that you can attach with rdbg --attach
and continue REPL debugging.
With rdbg --open=chrome
command will show the following message.
$ rdbg target.rb --open=chrome
DEBUGGER: Debugger can attach via TCP/IP (127.0.0.1:43633)
DEBUGGER: With Chrome browser, type the following URL in the address-bar:
devtools://devtools/bundled/inspector.html?v8only=true&panel=sources&ws=127.0.0.1:57231/b32a55cd-2eb5-4c5c-87d8-b3dfc59d80ef
DEBUGGER: wait for debugger connection...
Type devtools://devtools/bundled/inspector.html?v8only=true&panel=sources&ws=127.0.0.1:57231/b32a55cd-2eb5-4c5c-87d8-b3dfc59d80ef
in the address bar on Chrome browser, and you can continue the debugging with chrome browser.
Also open chrome
command works like open vscode
.
For more information about how to use Chrome debugging, you might want to read here.
You can configure the debugger's behavior with debug commands and environment variables. When the debug session is started, initial scripts are loaded so you can put your favorite configurations in the initial scripts.
You can configure the debugger's behavior with environment variables and config
command. Each configuration has an environment variable and a name which can be specified by config
command.
# configuration example
config set log_level INFO
config set no_color true
-
UI
RUBY_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL
(log_level
): Log level same as Logger (default: WARN)RUBY_DEBUG_SHOW_SRC_LINES
(show_src_lines
): Show n lines source code on breakpoint (default: 10)RUBY_DEBUG_SHOW_EVALEDSRC
(show_evaledsrc
): Show actually evaluated source (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_SHOW_FRAMES
(show_frames
): Show n frames on breakpoint (default: 2)RUBY_DEBUG_USE_SHORT_PATH
(use_short_path
): Show shorten PATH (like $(Gem)/foo.rb) (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_NO_COLOR
(no_color
): Do not use colorize (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_NO_SIGINT_HOOK
(no_sigint_hook
): Do not suspend on SIGINT (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_NO_RELINE
(no_reline
): Do not use Reline library (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_NO_HINT
(no_hint
): Do not show the hint on the REPL (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_NO_LINENO
(no_lineno
): Do not show line numbers (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_IRB_CONSOLE
(irb_console
): Use IRB as the console (default: false)
-
CONTROL
RUBY_DEBUG_SKIP_PATH
(skip_path
): Skip showing/entering frames for given pathsRUBY_DEBUG_SKIP_NOSRC
(skip_nosrc
): Skip on no source code lines (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_KEEP_ALLOC_SITE
(keep_alloc_site
): Keep allocation site and p, pp shows it (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_POSTMORTEM
(postmortem
): Enable postmortem debug (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_FORK_MODE
(fork_mode
): Control which process activates a debugger after fork (both/parent/child) (default: both)RUBY_DEBUG_SIGDUMP_SIG
(sigdump_sig
): Sigdump signal (default: false)
-
BOOT
RUBY_DEBUG_NONSTOP
(nonstop
): Nonstop mode (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_STOP_AT_LOAD
(stop_at_load
): Stop at just loading location (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_INIT_SCRIPT
(init_script
): debug command script path loaded at first stopRUBY_DEBUG_COMMANDS
(commands
): debug commands invoked at first stop. Commands should be separated by;;
RUBY_DEBUG_NO_RC
(no_rc
): ignore loading ~/.rdbgrc(.rb) (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_HISTORY_FILE
(history_file
): history file (default: ~/.rdbg_history)RUBY_DEBUG_SAVE_HISTORY
(save_history
): maximum save history lines (default: 10000)
-
REMOTE
RUBY_DEBUG_OPEN
(open
): Open remote port (same asrdbg --open
option)RUBY_DEBUG_PORT
(port
): TCP/IP remote debugging: portRUBY_DEBUG_HOST
(host
): TCP/IP remote debugging: host (default: 127.0.0.1)RUBY_DEBUG_SOCK_PATH
(sock_path
): UNIX Domain Socket remote debugging: socket pathRUBY_DEBUG_SOCK_DIR
(sock_dir
): UNIX Domain Socket remote debugging: socket directoryRUBY_DEBUG_LOCAL_FS_MAP
(local_fs_map
): Specify local fs mapRUBY_DEBUG_SKIP_BP
(skip_bp
): Skip breakpoints if no clients are attached (default: false)RUBY_DEBUG_COOKIE
(cookie
): Cookie for negotiationRUBY_DEBUG_SESSION_NAME
(session_name
): Session name for differentiating multiple sessionsRUBY_DEBUG_CHROME_PATH
(chrome_path
): Platform dependent path of Chrome (For more information, See here)
-
OBSOLETE
RUBY_DEBUG_PARENT_ON_FORK
(parent_on_fork
): Keep debugging parent process on fork (default: false)
There are other environment variables:
NO_COLOR
: If the value is set, setRUBY_DEBUG_NO_COLOR
(NO_COLOR: disabling ANSI color output in various Unix commands).RUBY_DEBUG_ENABLE
: If the value is0
, do not enable debug.gem feature.RUBY_DEBUG_ADDED_RUBYOPT
: Remove this value fromRUBYOPT
at first. This feature helps loading debug.gem withRUBYOPT='-r debug/...'
, and you don't want to derive it to child processes. In this case, you can setRUBY_DEBUG_ADDED_RUBYOPT='-r debug/...'
(same value), and this string will be deleted fromRUBYOPT
at first.RUBY_DEBUG_EDITOR
orEDITOR
: An editor used byedit
debug command.RUBY_DEBUG_BB
: DefineKernel#bb
method which is alias ofKernel#debugger
.
If there is ~/.rdbgrc
, the file is loaded as an initial script (which contains debug commands) when the debug session is started.
RUBY_DEBUG_INIT_SCRIPT
environment variable can specify the initial script file.- You can specify the initial script with
rdbg -x initial_script
(like gdb's-x
option).
Initial scripts are useful to write your favorite configurations.
For example, you can set breakpoints with break file:123
in ~/.rdbgrc
.
If there are ~/.rdbgrc.rb
is available, it is also loaded as a ruby script at same timing.
On the debug console, you can use the following debug commands.
There are additional features:
<expr>
without debug command is almost the same aspp <expr>
.- If the input line
<expr>
does NOT start with any debug command, the line<expr>
will be evaluated as a Ruby expression, and the result will be printed withpp
method. So that the inputfoo.bar
is the same aspp foo.bar
. - If
<expr>
is recognized as a debug command, of course, it is not evaluated as a Ruby expression but is executed as debug command. For example, you can not evaluate such single-letter local variablesi
,b
,n
,c
because they are single-letter debug commands. Usep i
instead. - So the author (Koichi Sasada) recommends using
p
,pp
oreval
command to evaluate the Ruby expression every time.
- If the input line
Enter
without any input repeats the last command (useful when repeatingstep
s) for some commands.Ctrl-D
is equal toquit
command.- debug command compare sheet - Google Sheets
You can use the following debug commands. Each command should be written in 1 line.
The [...]
notation means this part can be eliminated. For example, s[tep]
means s
or step
is a valid command. ste
is not valid.
The <...>
notation means the argument.
s[tep]
- Step in. Resume the program until next breakable point.
s[tep] <n>
- Step in, resume the program at
<n>
th breakable point.
- Step in, resume the program at
n[ext]
- Step over. Resume the program until next line.
n[ext] <n>
- Step over, same as
step <n>
.
- Step over, same as
fin[ish]
- Finish this frame. Resume the program until the current frame is finished.
fin[ish] <n>
- Finish
<n>
th frames.
- Finish
u[ntil]
- Similar to
next
command, but only stop later lines or the end of the current frame. - Similar to gdb's
advance
command.
- Similar to
u[ntil] <[file:]line>
- Run til the program reaches given location or the end of the current frame.
u[ntil] <name>
- Run til the program invokes a method
<name>
.<name>
can be a regexp with/name/
.
- Run til the program invokes a method
c
orcont
orcontinue
- Resume the program.
q[uit]
orCtrl-D
- Finish debugger (with the debuggee process on non-remote debugging).
q[uit]!
- Same as q[uit] but without the confirmation prompt.
kill
- Stop the debuggee process with
Kernel#exit!
.
- Stop the debuggee process with
kill!
- Same as kill but without the confirmation prompt.
sigint
- Execute SIGINT handler registered by the debuggee.
- Note that this command should be used just after stop by
SIGINT
.
b[reak]
- Show all breakpoints.
b[reak] <line>
- Set breakpoint on
<line>
at the current frame's file.
- Set breakpoint on
b[reak] <file>:<line>
or<file> <line>
- Set breakpoint on
<file>:<line>
.
- Set breakpoint on
b[reak] <class>#<name>
- Set breakpoint on the method
<class>#<name>
.
- Set breakpoint on the method
b[reak] <expr>.<name>
- Set breakpoint on the method
<expr>.<name>
.
- Set breakpoint on the method
b[reak] ... if: <expr>
- break if
<expr>
is true at specified location.
- break if
b[reak] ... pre: <command>
- break and run
<command>
before stopping.
- break and run
b[reak] ... do: <command>
- break and run
<command>
, and continue.
- break and run
b[reak] ... path: <path>
- break if the path matches to
<path>
.<path>
can be a regexp with/regexp/
.
- break if the path matches to
b[reak] if: <expr>
- break if:
<expr>
is true at any lines. - Note that this feature is super slow.
- break if:
catch <Error>
- Set breakpoint on raising
<Error>
.
- Set breakpoint on raising
catch ... if: <expr>
- stops only if
<expr>
is true as well.
- stops only if
catch ... pre: <command>
- runs
<command>
before stopping.
- runs
catch ... do: <command>
- stops and run
<command>
, and continue.
- stops and run
catch ... path: <path>
- stops if the exception is raised from a
<path>
.<path>
can be a regexp with/regexp/
.
- stops if the exception is raised from a
watch @ivar
- Stop the execution when the result of current scope's
@ivar
is changed. - Note that this feature is super slow.
- Stop the execution when the result of current scope's
watch ... if: <expr>
- stops only if
<expr>
is true as well.
- stops only if
watch ... pre: <command>
- runs
<command>
before stopping.
- runs
watch ... do: <command>
- stops and run
<command>
, and continue.
- stops and run
watch ... path: <path>
- stops if the path matches
<path>
.<path>
can be a regexp with/regexp/
.
- stops if the path matches
del[ete]
- delete all breakpoints.
del[ete] <bpnum>
- delete specified breakpoint.
bt
orbacktrace
- Show backtrace (frame) information.
bt <num>
orbacktrace <num>
- Only shows first
<num>
frames.
- Only shows first
bt /regexp/
orbacktrace /regexp/
- Only shows frames with method name or location info that matches
/regexp/
.
- Only shows frames with method name or location info that matches
bt <num> /regexp/
orbacktrace <num> /regexp/
- Only shows first
<num>
frames with method name or location info that matches/regexp/
.
- Only shows first
l[ist]
- Show current frame's source code.
- Next
list
command shows the successor lines.
l[ist] -
- Show predecessor lines as opposed to the
list
command.
- Show predecessor lines as opposed to the
l[ist] <start>
orl[ist] <start>-<end>
- Show current frame's source code from the line to if given.
whereami
- Show the current frame with source code.
edit
- Open the current file on the editor (use
EDITOR
environment variable). - Note that edited file will not be reloaded.
- Open the current file on the editor (use
edit <file>
- Open on the editor.
i[nfo]
- Show information about current frame (local/instance variables and defined constants).
i[nfo]
info
has the following sub-commands.- Sub-commands can be specified with few letters which is unambiguous, like
l
for 'locals'.
i[nfo] l or locals or local_variables
- Show information about the current frame (local variables)
- It includes
self
as%self
and a return value as_return
.
i[nfo] i or ivars or instance_variables
- Show information about instance variables about
self
. info ivars <expr>
shows the instance variables of the result of<expr>
.
- Show information about instance variables about
i[nfo] c or consts or constants
- Show information about accessible constants except toplevel constants.
info consts <expr>
shows the constants of a class/module of the result of<expr>
i[nfo] g or globals or global_variables
- Show information about global variables
i[nfo] th or threads
- Show all threads (same as
th[read]
).
- Show all threads (same as
i[nfo] b or breakpoints or w or watchpoints
- Show all breakpoints and watchpoints.
i[nfo] ... /regexp/
- Filter the output with
/regexp/
.
- Filter the output with
o[utline]
orls
- Show you available methods, constants, local variables, and instance variables in the current scope.
o[utline] <expr>
orls <expr>
- Show you available methods and instance variables of the given object.
- If the object is a class/module, it also lists its constants.
display
- Show display setting.
display <expr>
- Show the result of
<expr>
at every suspended timing.
- Show the result of
undisplay
- Remove all display settings.
undisplay <displaynum>
- Remove a specified display setting.
f[rame]
- Show the current frame.
f[rame] <framenum>
- Specify a current frame. Evaluation are run on specified frame.
up
- Specify the upper frame.
down
- Specify the lower frame.
p <expr>
- Evaluate like
p <expr>
on the current frame.
- Evaluate like
pp <expr>
- Evaluate like
pp <expr>
on the current frame.
- Evaluate like
eval <expr>
- Evaluate
<expr>
on the current frame.
- Evaluate
irb
- Activate and switch to
irb:rdbg
console
- Activate and switch to
trace
- Show available tracers list.
trace line
- Add a line tracer. It indicates line events.
trace call
- Add a call tracer. It indicate call/return events.
trace exception
- Add an exception tracer. It indicates raising exceptions.
trace object <expr>
- Add an object tracer. It indicates that an object by
<expr>
is passed as a parameter or a receiver on method call.
- Add an object tracer. It indicates that an object by
trace ... /regexp/
- Indicates only matched events to
/regexp/
.
- Indicates only matched events to
trace ... into: <file>
- Save trace information into:
<file>
.
- Save trace information into:
trace off <num>
- Disable tracer specified by
<num>
(usetrace
command to check the numbers).
- Disable tracer specified by
trace off [line|call|pass]
- Disable all tracers. If
<type>
is provided, disable specified type tracers.
- Disable all tracers. If
record
- Show recording status.
record [on|off]
- Start/Stop recording.
step back
- Start replay. Step back with the last execution log.
s[tep]
does stepping forward with the last log.
step reset
- Stop replay .
th[read]
- Show all threads.
th[read] <thnum>
- Switch thread specified by
<thnum>
.
- Switch thread specified by
config
- Show all configuration with description.
config <name>
- Show current configuration of .
config set <name> <val>
orconfig <name> = <val>
- Set to .
config append <name> <val>
orconfig <name> << <val>
- Append
<val>
to<name>
if it is an array.
- Append
config unset <name>
- Set to default.
source <file>
- Evaluate lines in
<file>
as debug commands.
- Evaluate lines in
open
- open debuggee port on UNIX domain socket and wait for attaching.
- Note that
open
command is EXPERIMENTAL.
open [<host>:]<port>
- open debuggee port on TCP/IP with given
[<host>:]<port>
and wait for attaching.
- open debuggee port on TCP/IP with given
open vscode
- open debuggee port for VSCode and launch VSCode if available.
open chrome
- open debuggee port for Chrome and wait for attaching.
h[elp]
- Show help for all commands.
h[elp] <command>
- Show help for the given command.
You can start debugging without rdbg
command by requiring the following libraries:
require 'debug'
: Same asrdbg --nonstop --no-sigint-hook
.require 'debug/start'
: Same asrdbg
.require 'debug/open'
: Same asrdbg --open
.require 'debug/open_nonstop'
: Same asrdbg --open --nonstop
.
You need to require one of them at the very beginning of the application.
Using ruby -r
(for example ruby -r debug/start target.rb
) is another way to invoke with debugger.
NOTE: Until Ruby 3.0, there is old lib/debug.rb
standard library. So that if this gem is not installed, or if Gemfile
missed to list this gem and bundle exec
is used, you will see the following output:
$ ruby -r debug -e0
.../2.7.3/lib/ruby/2.7.0/x86_64-linux/continuation.so: warning: callcc is obsolete; use Fiber instead
Debug.rb
Emacs support available.
.../2.7.3/lib/ruby/2.7.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:162: if RUBYGEMS_ACTIVATION_MONITOR.respond_to?(:mon_owned?)
(rdb:1)
lib/debug.rb
was not maintained well in recent years, and the purpose of this library is to rewrite old lib/debug.rb
with recent techniques.
After loading debug/session
, you can start a debug session with the following methods. They are convenient if you want to specify debug configurations in your program.
DEBUGGER__.start(**kw)
: start debug session with local console.DEBUGGER__.open(**kw)
: open debug port with configuration (without configurations open with UNIX domain socket)DEBUGGER__.open_unix(**kw)
: open debug port with UNIX domain socketDEBUGGER__.open_tcp(**kw)
: open debug port with TCP/IP
For example:
require 'debug/session'
DEBUGGER__.start(no_color: true, # disable colorize
log_level: 'INFO') # Change log_level to INFO
... # your application code
binding.break
(or binding.b
) set breakpoints at the written line. It also has several keywords.
If do: 'command'
is specified, the debugger suspends the program, runs the command
as a debug command, and continues the program.
It is useful if you only want to call a debug command and don't want to stop there.
def initialize
@a = 1
binding.b do: 'info \n watch @a'
end
In this case, execute the info
command then register a watch breakpoint for @a
and continue to run. You can also use ;;
instead of \n
to separate your commands.
If pre: 'command'
is specified, the debugger suspends the program and runs the command
as a debug command, and keeps suspended.
It is useful if you have operations before suspend.
def foo
binding.b pre: 'p bar()'
...
end
In this case, you can see the result of bar()
every time you stop there.
exe/rdbg [options] -- [debuggee options]
Debug console mode:
-n, --nonstop Do not stop at the beginning of the script.
-e DEBUG_COMMAND Execute debug command at the beginning of the script.
-x, --init-script=FILE Execute debug command in the FILE.
--no-rc Ignore ~/.rdbgrc
--no-color Disable colorize
--no-sigint-hook Disable to trap SIGINT
-c, --command Enable command mode.
The first argument should be a command name in $PATH.
Example: 'rdbg -c bundle exec rake test'
-O, --open=[FRONTEND] Start remote debugging with opening the network port.
If TCP/IP options are not given, a UNIX domain socket will be used.
If FRONTEND is given, prepare for the FRONTEND.
Now rdbg, vscode and chrome is supported.
--sock-path=SOCK_PATH UNIX Domain socket path
--port=PORT Listening TCP/IP port
--host=HOST Listening TCP/IP host
--cookie=COOKIE Set a cookie for connection
--session-name=NAME Session name
Debug console mode runs Ruby program with the debug console.
'rdbg target.rb foo bar' starts like 'ruby target.rb foo bar'.
'rdbg -- -r foo -e bar' starts like 'ruby -r foo -e bar'.
'rdbg -c rake test' starts like 'rake test'.
'rdbg -c -- rake test -t' starts like 'rake test -t'.
'rdbg -c bundle exec rake test' starts like 'bundle exec rake test'.
'rdbg -O target.rb foo bar' starts and accepts attaching with UNIX domain socket.
'rdbg -O --port 1234 target.rb foo bar' starts accepts attaching with TCP/IP localhost:1234.
'rdbg -O --port 1234 -- -r foo -e bar' starts accepts attaching with TCP/IP localhost:1234.
'rdbg target.rb -O chrome --port 1234' starts and accepts connecting from Chrome Devtools with localhost:1234.
Attach mode:
-A, --attach Attach to debuggee process.
Attach mode attaches the remote debug console to the debuggee process.
'rdbg -A' tries to connect via UNIX domain socket.
If there are multiple processes are waiting for the
debugger connection, list possible debuggee names.
'rdbg -A path' tries to connect via UNIX domain socket with given path name.
'rdbg -A port' tries to connect to localhost:port via TCP/IP.
'rdbg -A host port' tries to connect to host:port via TCP/IP.
Other options:
-v Show version number
--version Show version number and exit
-h, --help Print help
--util=NAME Utility mode (used by tools)
--stop-at-load Stop immediately when the debugging feature is loaded.
NOTE
All messages communicated between a debugger and a debuggee are *NOT* encrypted.
Please use the remote debugging feature carefully.
- From byebug to ruby/debug by Stan Lo - A migration guide for
byebug
users. - ruby/debug cheatsheet by Stan Lo
Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/ruby/debug. This debugger is not mature so your feedback will help us.
Please also check the contributing guideline.
- Some tests are based on deivid-rodriguez/byebug: Debugging in Ruby 2
- Several codes in
server_cdp.rb
are based on geoffreylitt/ladybug: Visual Debugger