BenchExec

A Framework for Reliable Benchmarking and Resource Measurement

News and Updates:

• Two projects accepted for BenchExec as part of Google Summer of Code! We are happy that Haoran Yang and Eshaan Aggarwal will work to improve BenchExec (click on their names for more information about their projects) and are thankful to them and to Google for providing the opportunity.
• BenchExec 3.18 brings support for systems with cgroups v2!
• Linux kernel 5.11 finally makes it possible to use all BenchExec features on distributions other than Ubuntu!
• We now provide an Ubuntu PPA that makes installing and upgrading BenchExec easier (docs).
• An extended version of our paper on BenchExec and its background was published as open access in the journal STTT, you can read Reliable Benchmarking: Requirements and Solutions online. We also provide a set of overview slides.

To help new or inexperienced users get started with reliable benchmarking right away, we offer a quickstart guide that contains a brief explanation of the issues of common setups as well as the (few) steps necessary to setup and use BenchExec instead.

BenchExec is a framework for reliable benchmarking and resource measurement and provides a standalone solution for benchmarking that takes care of important low-level details for accurate, precise, and reproducible measurements as well as result handling and analysis for large sets of benchmark runs. However, even users of other benchmarking frameworks or scripts can benefit from BenchExec by letting it perform the resource measurements and limits instead of less reliable tools and techniques like time or ulimit, and results produced by BenchExec can easily be exported for use with other tools.

In particular, BenchExec provides three major features:

• execution of arbitrary commands with precise and reliable measurement and limitation of resource usage (e.g., CPU time and memory), and isolation against other running processes
  (provided by runexec, a replacement for time and similar tools)
• an easy way to define benchmarks with specific tool configurations and resource limits, and automatically executing them on large sets of input files
  (provided by benchexec on top of runexec)
• generation of interactive tables and plots for the results
  (provided by table-generator for results produced with benchexec)

Unlike other benchmarking frameworks, BenchExec is able to reliably measure and limit resource usage of the benchmarked tool even if the latter spawns subprocesses. In order to achieve this, it uses the cgroups feature of the Linux kernel to correctly handle groups of processes. For proper isolation of the benchmarks, it uses (if available) Linux user namespaces and an overlay filesystem to create a container that restricts interference of the executed tool with the benchmarking host. More information on why this is necessary and the problems with other tools can be found in our paper Reliable Benchmarking: Requirements and Solutions (open access) and our slides (starting with slide "Checklist").

BenchExec is intended for benchmarking non-interactive tools on Linux systems. It measures CPU time, wall time, and memory usage of a tool, and allows to specify limits for these resources. It also allows to limit the CPU cores and (on NUMA systems) memory regions, and the container mode allows to restrict filesystem and network access. In addition to measuring resource usage, BenchExec can optionally verify that the result of the tool was as expected and extract further statistical data from the output. Results from multiple runs can be combined into CSV and interactive HTML tables, of which the latter provide scatter and quantile plots (have a look at our demo table).

BenchExec works only on Linux and needs a one-time setup of cgroups by the machine's administrator. The actual benchmarking can be done by any user and does not need root access.

BenchExec was originally developed for use with the software verification framework CPAchecker and is now developed as an independent project at the Software Systems Lab of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich).

Links

• Documentation
• Demo of a result table
• Downloads
• Changelog
• BenchExec GitHub Repository, use this for reporting issues and asking questions
• BenchExec at PyPI
• BenchExec at Zenodo: Each release gets a DOI such that you can reference it from your publications and artifacts.

Literature

• Reliable Benchmarking: Requirements and Solutions, by D. Beyer, S. Löwe, and P. Wendler. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT), 21(1):1-29, 2019. doi:10.1007/s10009-017-0469-y. Journal paper about BenchExec (open access, also with a supplementary webpage and overview slides)
• CPU Energy Meter: A Tool for Energy-Aware Algorithms Engineering, by D. Beyer and P. Wendler. In Proc. TACAS 2020, part 2, LNCS 12079, pages 126-133, 2020. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_8
• Benchmarking and Resource Measurement, by D. Beyer, S. Löwe, and P. Wendler. In Proc. SPIN 2015, LNCS 9232, pages 160-178, 2015. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23404-5_12

License and Copyright

BenchExec is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License, copyright Dirk Beyer. Exceptions are some tool-info modules and third-party code that is bundled in the HTML tables, which are available under several other free licenses (cf. folder LICENSES).

Authors

Maintainer: Philipp Wendler

Contributors:

• Eshaan Aggarwal
• Aditya Arora
• Levente Bajczi
• Dirk Beyer
• Laura Bschor
• Thomas Bunk
• Montgomery Carter
• Andreas Donig
• Karlheinz Friedberger
• Robin Gloster
• Sam Grayson
• Peter Häring
• Florian Heck
• George Karpenkov
• Mike Kazantsev
• Hugo van Kemenade
• Michael Lachner
• Thomas Lemberger
• Lorenz Leutgeb
• Sebastian Ott
• Stefan Löwe
• Stephan Lukasczyk
• Tobias Meggendorfer
• Alexander von Rhein
• Alexander Schremmer
• Dennis Simon
• Andreas Stahlbauer
• Thomas Stieglmaier
• Martin Yankov
• Hojan Young
• Ilja Zakharov
• and lots of more people who integrated tools into BenchExec

Users of BenchExec

Several well-known international competitions use BenchExec, such as SMT-COMP, SV-COMP (software verification), the Termination Competition, and Test-Comp. In particular in SV-COMP BenchExec was used successfully for benchmarking in all instances of the competition and with a wide variety of benchmarked tools and millions of benchmark runs per year. BenchExec is also integrated into the cluster-based logic-solving service StarExec (GitHub).

The developers of the following tools use BenchExec:

• CPAchecker, also for regression testing
• Dartagnan
• ESBMC, also for regression testing and even with a GitHub action for BenchExec
• SMACK
• SMTInterpol
• TriCera
• Ultimate

If you would like to be listed here, contact us.