feat: introduce SKIPPING index (part 1)

[waynexia]

Signed-off-by: Ruihang Xia waynestxia@gmail.comI hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

What's changed and what's your intention?

Frontend(SQL) part of the new index type SKIPPING index.

Example:

create table
    skipping_table (
        ts timestamp time index,
        id string skipping index,
        `name` string skipping index
        with
            (granularity = 8192),
    );

Checklist

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR requires documentation updates.

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Copilot reviewed 5 out of 14 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Files not reviewed (9)

• tests/cases/standalone/common/create/create_with_skip_index.result: Language not supported
• tests/cases/standalone/common/create/create_with_skip_index.sql: Language not supported
• src/api/src/v1/column_def.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/datatypes/src/error.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/sql/src/parsers/utils.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/sql/src/statements.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/sql/src/statements/create.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/operator/src/statement/ddl.rs: Evaluated as low risk
• src/datatypes/src/schema.rs: Evaluated as low risk

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (2)

src/sql/src/error.rs:329

• The error message string should be 'Failed to set skip index option' instead of 'Failed to set skip inde options'.

snafu(display("Failed to set skip index option"))

src/sql/src/error.rs:329

• [nitpick] The error message for 'SetSkipIndexOption' is not very descriptive. Consider including the specific reason for the failure.

snafu(display("Failed to set skip index option"))

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 69.47368% with 58 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.79%. Comparing base (e8e9526) to head (2aa0d3b).
Report is 9 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5155      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.01%   83.79%   -0.22%     
==========================================
  Files        1172     1173       +1     
  Lines      218236   218777     +541     
==========================================
- Hits       183356   183333      -23     
- Misses      34880    35444     +564     

[zhongzc]

LGTM

[waynexia]

Part 2 #5176