SEWER_SENTINAL IOT based Sewer And septic tank sentinal (Protecting workers from toxic gas exposure)

MOTIVE:
“IOT sewer and septic tank sentinal“ is used to enhance the safety of workers involved in sewer and septic tank cleaning by monitoring and mitigating toxic and non-toxic gases through IOT based system.
Objectives:

1. Devolop a IOT - based gas monitoring system fro sewer and septic tank to detect toxic and non-toxic gases in real time.
2. Implement a user friendly interface for remote monitoring and alerting to ensure the safety of workers.
3. Investigate and Incoprate saftey measures and protocols to respond effectively to detect gas level.
4. Implementing an oxygen sensor in this IoT-based project to monitor dissolved oxygen levels by providing insight into environmental condition of sewer and septic tank.
5. Raise awarness and educate workers about the dangerous of manual cleaning and the benifits of the IOT based system

Methodology:

1. CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION OF HAZARDOUS GASES: In the proposed system we use various gas sensors inclusive of MQ4 (Methane sensor) MQ7(Carbon Monoxide sensor), MQ135(Ammonia Sensor), MQ136(H2S Sensor) & MQ811(Co2 Sensor) for detecting the presence of hazardous gases in sewage.

2. DETECTING THE OXYGEN LEVEL : Utilize galvanic oxygen sensors placed strategically within the septic tank to continuously monitor oxygen levels. Transmit sensor data wirelessly to a central monitoring system for real-time assessment of oxygen concentration.

3. DATABASE UPLOAD & DEVELOPMENT OF USER-FRIENDLY MOBILE-APP : Creating a user-friendly mobile app enabling login, displaying gas ppm levels, and plotting gas variations via ThingSpeak IoTPlatform. Gas sensor data is uploaded to Firebase and ThingSpeak through Nodemcu's serial communication, utilizing Wi-Fi, with GSM Module backup for areas without Wi-Fi.

COMPONENTS

OXYGEN SENSORS:

• Type: Electrochemical or optical sensor
• Function: Continuously monitor the concentration of oxygen in the air to ensure it is at safe levels for human presence.

HAZARDOUS GAS SENSORS:

• Types:
  • Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) Sensor: Detects the presence of hydrogen sulfide, a common toxic gas in sewer systems.
  • Methane (CH₄) Sensor: Monitors for methane gas, which can be explosive at certain concentrations.
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO) Sensor: Detects carbon monoxide, which can be lethal in high concentrations.
  • Ammonia (NH₃) Sensor: Monitors ammonia levels, which can be harmful to health.
  • Function: Detect various hazardous gases that pose a risk to workers.

INTEGRATED DEVICE SETUP:

• Microcontroller Unit (MCU): Acts as the brain of the system, processing data from the sensors and managing communications.
  • Example: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32
• Power Supply: Ensures the device is operational; can be battery-powered or connected to an external power source.
• Enclosure: Protects the sensors and electronic components from harsh environmental conditions.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM:

• Wireless Communication:
  • Wi-Fi: For real-time data transmission to a central monitoring system.
  • LoRaWAN: For long-range communication in areas with limited connectivity.
  • Bluetooth: For short-range communication with nearby devices or mobile apps.
• Alerts and Notifications:
  • Visual and Audible Alarms: On-site alerts to immediately warn workers of dangerous conditions.
  • Mobile App Integration: Sends notifications to workers' smartphones or central monitoring systems.

DATA LOGGING AND ANALYSIS:

• Cloud Storage: Stores historical data for trend analysis and regulatory compliance.
• Data Dashboard:Provides a user-friendly interface for monitoring real-time data and reviewing historical trends.

Setup Process

SENSOR INSTALLATION:

• Install the oxygen and hazardous gas sensors in strategic locations within the sewer or septic tank.
• Ensure sensors are securely mounted and protected from physical damage.

DEVICE CONFIGURATION:

• Connect the sensors to the microcontroller unit (MCU).
• Configure the MCU to read data from the sensors and process it accordingly.
• Program the MCU to trigger alarms and notifications based on predefined safety thresholds.

COMMUNICATION SETUP:

• Configure wireless communication modules (Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, Bluetooth) for data transmission.
• Set up a cloud-based platform or local server for data storage and real-time monitoring.

TESTING AND CALIBRATION:

• Test the entire system to ensure sensors are functioning correctly and data is being transmitted accurately.
• Calibrate the sensors as needed to ensure precise measurements.

DEPLOYMENT AND MONITORING:

• Deploy the device in the field, ensuring it is properly powered and protected.
• Monitor the system regularly and perform maintenance as required.

Safety and Maintenance

• Regular Calibration: Periodically calibrate sensors to maintain accuracy.
• Battery Check: Ensure the power supply is reliable; replace batteries as needed.
• System Updates:Update the software/firmware of the MCU to improve functionality and security.
• Environmental Protection: Regularly inspect the enclosure and sensors for signs of damage or wear.

By following this setup, the IoT-based Sewer and Septic Tank Sentinel will effectively protect workers from toxic gas exposure, ensuring a safer working environment.