Fix Random breakage and deprecations for v0.7

[andyferris]

Still WIP.

[coveralls]

Coverage remained the same at 93.365% when pulling 66211ed on ajf/fix-deprecations into 8c69b34 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage remained the same at 93.365% when pulling f7781a7 on ajf/fix-deprecations into 8c69b34 on master.

[pablosanjose]

While StaticArrays happily load on this branch, I see the following

julia> @SVector[1,2,3]*2
ERROR: UndefVarError: Inference not defined
Stacktrace:
 [1] @generated body at /Users/pablo/.julia/v0.7/StaticArrays/src/broadcast.jl:152 [inlined]
 [2] _broadcast at /Users/pablo/.julia/v0.7/StaticArrays/src/broadcast.jl:94 [inlined]
 [3] broadcast at /Users/pablo/.julia/v0.7/StaticArrays/src/broadcast.jl:62 [inlined]
 [4] broadcast at ./broadcast.jl:615 [inlined]
 [5] *(::SVector{3,Int64}, ::Int64) at /Users/pablo/.julia/v0.7/StaticArrays/src/linalg.jl:26
 [6] top-level scope

(I posted this in #348, but I realised it probably belongs here, apologies for the duplicate)

[andyferris]

Closed in favor of #362