widen effects when bailing out from _apply_iterate

We need to make sure that we widen both type and effects when bailing
out inference. I wanted to make a simplified test case for this, but
it turns out to be a bit tricky since it relies on the detail of union
split and the bailing out logic.

fix #48807

base/compiler/abstractinterpretation.jl

@@ -1566,6 +1566,7 @@ function abstract_apply(interp::AbstractInterpreter, argtypes::Vector{Any}, si::
             if i != length(ctypes)
                 # No point carrying forward the info, we're not gonna inline it anyway
                 retinfo = NoCallInfo()
+                effects = Effects()
             end
             break
         end