Update Black to its stable version (fatiando#301)

Black has released a stable version: 22.3.0. Now the style check tests use this
version. Fixes a bug on CI in which Black was trying to import a private module
of click that doesn't exist anymore. Rerun black: now Black hugs simple
power operators.

env/requirements-style.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Requirements for checking code style
 pathspec
-black==21.12b0
+black==22.3.0
 isort==5.10.*
 flake8==4.0.*
 flake8-bugbear==21.11.*

environment.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ dependencies:
   - matplotlib
   - cartopy>=0.18
   # Code style checks and autoformat
-  - black==21.12b0
+  - black==22.3.0
   - isort==5.10.*
   - flake8==4.0.*
   - flake8-bugbear==21.11.*

examples/forward/prism_layer.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 region = (0, 100e3, -40e3, 40e3)
 spacing = 2e3
 (easting, northing) = vd.grid_coordinates(region=region, spacing=spacing)
-surface = 100 * np.exp(-((easting - 50e3) ** 2 + northing ** 2) / 1e9)
+surface = 100 * np.exp(-((easting - 50e3) ** 2 + northing**2) / 1e9)
 density = 2670.0 * np.ones_like(surface)
 prisms = hm.prism_layer(
     coordinates=(easting[0, :], northing[:, 0]),

harmonica/equivalent_sources/gradient_boosted.py

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def _gradient_boosting(self, coordinates, data, weights):
         # Get number of windows
         n_windows = len(point_windows)
         # Initialize RMSE array
-        errors = [np.sqrt(np.mean(data ** 2))]
+        errors = [np.sqrt(np.mean(data**2))]
         # Set weights_chunk to None (will be changed unless weights is None)
         weights_chunk = None
         # Initialized the predicted and residue arrays
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def _gradient_boosting(self, coordinates, data, weights):
             # Update the residue
             residue -= predicted
             # Add RMS of the residue to the RMSE
-            errors.append(np.sqrt(np.mean(residue ** 2)))
+            errors.append(np.sqrt(np.mean(residue**2)))
             # Update source coefficients
             self.coefs_[point_window] += coeffs_chunk
         self.rmse_per_iteration_ = np.array(errors)

harmonica/forward/_tesseroid_utils.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def gauss_legendre_quadrature(
             # Get the radius of the point mass
             radius_p = 0.5 * (top - bottom) * rad_node + 0.5 * (top + bottom)
             # Get kappa constant for the point mass
-            kappa = radius_p ** 2 * cosphi_p
+            kappa = radius_p**2 * cosphi_p
             for i, lon_node in enumerate(lon_nodes):
                 # Get the longitude of the point mass
                 longitude_p = np.radians(0.5 * (e - w) * lon_node + 0.5 * (e + w))

harmonica/forward/_tesseroid_variable_density.py

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def gauss_legendre_quadrature_variable_density(
             radius_p = 0.5 * (top - bottom) * rad_node + 0.5 * (top + bottom)
             density_p = density(radius_p)
             # Get kappa constant for the point mass
-            kappa = radius_p ** 2 * cosphi_p
+            kappa = radius_p**2 * cosphi_p
             for i, lon_node in enumerate(lon_nodes):
                 # Get the longitude of the point mass
                 longitude_p = np.radians(0.5 * (e - w) * lon_node + 0.5 * (e + w))

harmonica/forward/point.py

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def kernel_g_z_cartesian(easting, northing, upward, easting_p, northing_p, upwar
     # gravitational acceleration. As a consequence, it is multiplied by -1.
     # Notice that the ``g_z`` does not have the minus signal observed at the
     # compoents ``g_northing`` and ``g_easting``.
-    return (upward - upward_p) / distance ** 3
+    return (upward - upward_p) / distance**3
 
 
 @jit(nopython=True)
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ def kernel_g_northing_cartesian(
     distance = distance_cartesian(
         (easting, northing, upward), (easting_p, northing_p, upward_p)
     )
-    return -(northing - northing_p) / distance ** 3
+    return -(northing - northing_p) / distance**3
 
 
 @jit(nopython=True)
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ def kernel_g_easting_cartesian(
     distance = distance_cartesian(
         (easting, northing, upward), (easting_p, northing_p, upward_p)
     )
-    return -(easting - easting_p) / distance ** 3
+    return -(easting - easting_p) / distance**3
 
 
 @jit(nopython=True)
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ def kernel_g_z_spherical(
         longitude, cosphi, sinphi, radius, longitude_p, cosphi_p, sinphi_p, radius_p
     )
     delta_z = radius - radius_p * cospsi
-    return delta_z / distance ** 3
+    return delta_z / distance**3
 
 
 def point_mass_cartesian(

harmonica/forward/prism.py

@@ -240,14 +240,14 @@ def kernel_potential(easting, northing, upward):
     """
     Kernel function for potential gravitational field generated by a prism
     """
-    radius = np.sqrt(easting ** 2 + northing ** 2 + upward ** 2)
+    radius = np.sqrt(easting**2 + northing**2 + upward**2)
     kernel = (
         easting * northing * safe_log(upward + radius)
         + northing * upward * safe_log(easting + radius)
         + easting * upward * safe_log(northing + radius)
-        - 0.5 * easting ** 2 * safe_atan2(upward * northing, easting * radius)
-        - 0.5 * northing ** 2 * safe_atan2(upward * easting, northing * radius)
-        - 0.5 * upward ** 2 * safe_atan2(easting * northing, upward * radius)
+        - 0.5 * easting**2 * safe_atan2(upward * northing, easting * radius)
+        - 0.5 * northing**2 * safe_atan2(upward * easting, northing * radius)
+        - 0.5 * upward**2 * safe_atan2(easting * northing, upward * radius)
     )
     return kernel
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def kernel_g_z(easting, northing, upward):
     """
     Kernel for downward component of gravitational acceleration of a prism
     """
-    radius = np.sqrt(easting ** 2 + northing ** 2 + upward ** 2)
+    radius = np.sqrt(easting**2 + northing**2 + upward**2)
     kernel = (
         easting * safe_log(northing + radius)
         + northing * safe_log(easting + radius)

harmonica/forward/utils.py

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def distance_geodetic(point_p, point_q, ellipsoid):
         coslambda,
         prime_vertical_radius,
         prime_vertical_radius_p,
-        ellipsoid.first_eccentricity ** 2,
+        ellipsoid.first_eccentricity**2,
     )
 
 
@@ -311,11 +311,11 @@ def geodetic_distance_core(
     upward_sum = prime_vertical_radius + height
     upward_sum_p = prime_vertical_radius_p + height_p
     dist = np.sqrt(
-        upward_sum_p ** 2 * cosphi_p ** 2
-        + upward_sum ** 2 * cosphi ** 2
+        upward_sum_p**2 * cosphi_p**2
+        + upward_sum**2 * cosphi**2
         - 2 * upward_sum * upward_sum_p * cosphi * cosphi_p * coslambda
-        + (upward_sum_p - ecc_sq * prime_vertical_radius_p) ** 2 * sinphi_p ** 2
-        + (upward_sum - ecc_sq * prime_vertical_radius) ** 2 * sinphi ** 2
+        + (upward_sum_p - ecc_sq * prime_vertical_radius_p) ** 2 * sinphi_p**2
+        + (upward_sum - ecc_sq * prime_vertical_radius) ** 2 * sinphi**2
         - (
             2
             * (upward_sum_p - ecc_sq * prime_vertical_radius_p)

harmonica/tests/test_forward_utils.py

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ def test_geodetic_distance_equator_poles():
     ellipsoid = bl.WGS84
     # Compute the expected distance between the two points
     expected_distance = np.sqrt(
-        ellipsoid.semimajor_axis ** 2 + ellipsoid.semiminor_axis ** 2
+        ellipsoid.semimajor_axis**2 + ellipsoid.semiminor_axis**2
     )
     # Compute distance for different longitudes and alternate between points on
     # both poles

harmonica/tests/test_point_gravity.py

@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ def test_point_mass_on_origin():
     # eotvos)
     analytical = {
         "potential": GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * mass / radius,
-        "g_z": GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * mass / radius ** 2 * 1e5,
+        "g_z": GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * mass / radius**2 * 1e5,
     }
     # Compare results with analytical solutions
     for field, solution in analytical.items():
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ def test_point_mass_same_radial_direction():
                 # (accelerations are in mgal and tensor components in eotvos)
                 analytical = {
                     "potential": GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * mass / height,
-                    "g_z": GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * mass / height ** 2 * 1e5,
+                    "g_z": GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * mass / height**2 * 1e5,
                 }
                 # Compare results with analytical solutions
                 for field, solution in analytical.items():

harmonica/tests/test_tesseroid.py

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ def test_split_tesseroid():
         tesseroid, n_lon=2, n_lat=2, n_rad=2, stack=stack, stack_top=stack_top
     )
     splitted = np.array([tess for tess in stack if not np.all(tess == 0)])
-    assert splitted.shape[0] == 2 ** 3
+    assert splitted.shape[0] == 2**3
     assert splitted.shape[0] == stack_top + 1
     # Check if the tesseroid hasn't been split on each direction
     assert not (splitted[0, lon_indexes] == splitted[:, lon_indexes]).all()
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ def test_split_tesseroid_only_horizontal():
         tesseroid, n_lon=2, n_lat=2, n_rad=1, stack=stack, stack_top=stack_top
     )
     splitted = np.array([tess for tess in stack if not np.all(tess == 0)])
-    assert splitted.shape[0] == 2 ** 2
+    assert splitted.shape[0] == 2**2
     assert splitted.shape[0] == stack_top + 1
     # Check if the tesseroid hasn't been split on radial direction
     assert (splitted[0, radial_indexes] == splitted[:, radial_indexes]).all()
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ def spherical_shell_analytical(top, bottom, density, radius):
         * np.pi
         * GRAVITATIONAL_CONST
         * density
-        * (top ** 3 - bottom ** 3)
+        * (top**3 - bottom**3)
         / radius
     )
     analytical = {

harmonica/tests/test_tesseroid_variable_density.py

@@ -351,8 +351,8 @@ def analytical_spherical_shell_linear(radius, bottom, top, slope, constant_term)
     Analytical solutions of a spherical shell with linear density
     """
     constant = np.pi * GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * slope * (
-        top ** 4 - bottom ** 4
-    ) + 4 / 3.0 * np.pi * GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * constant_term * (top ** 3 - bottom ** 3)
+        top**4 - bottom**4
+    ) + 4 / 3.0 * np.pi * GRAVITATIONAL_CONST * constant_term * (top**3 - bottom**3)
     potential = constant / radius
     data = {
         "potential": potential,
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ def analytical_spherical_shell_exponential(
         * np.pi
         * GRAVITATIONAL_CONST
         * a_factor
-        / k ** 3
+        / k**3
         / radius
         * (
             ((bottom * k) ** 2 + 2 * bottom * k + 2)
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ def analytical_spherical_shell_exponential(
         * np.pi
         * GRAVITATIONAL_CONST
         * constant_term
-        * (top ** 3 - bottom ** 3)
+        * (top**3 - bottom**3)
         / radius
     )
     data = {