[SPARK-50621][PYTHON] Upgrade Cloudpickle to 3.1.0

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR proposes to upgrade Cloudpickle to 3.1.0

### Why are the changes needed?

To leverage bug fixes.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

Yes several bug fixes listed in https://github.com/cloudpipe/cloudpickle/blob/v3.1.0/CHANGES.md#310

### How was this patch tested?

Existing unittests should cover.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes apache#49241 from HyukjinKwon/upgrade-cloudpickle.

Authored-by: Hyukjin Kwon <gurwls223@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Hyukjin Kwon <gurwls223@apache.org>

python/pyspark/cloudpickle/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 __doc__ = cloudpickle.__doc__
 
-__version__ = "3.0.0"
+__version__ = "3.1.0"
 
 __all__ = [  # noqa
     "__version__",

python/pyspark/cloudpickle/cloudpickle.py

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def _lookup_class_or_track(class_tracker_id, class_def):
 
 
 def register_pickle_by_value(module):
-    """Register a module to make it functions and classes picklable by value.
+    """Register a module to make its functions and classes picklable by value.
 
     By default, functions and classes that are attributes of an importable
     module are to be pickled by reference, that is relying on re-importing
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ def _whichmodule(obj, name):
         # sys.modules
         if (
             module_name == "__main__"
+            or module_name == "__mp_main__"
             or module is None
             or not isinstance(module, types.ModuleType)
         ):
@@ -409,7 +410,10 @@ def _walk_global_ops(code):
 
 def _extract_class_dict(cls):
     """Retrieve a copy of the dict of a class without the inherited method."""
-    clsdict = dict(cls.__dict__)  # copy dict proxy to a dict
+    # Hack to circumvent non-predictable memoization caused by string interning.
+    # See the inline comment in _class_setstate for details.
+    clsdict = {"".join(k): cls.__dict__[k] for k in sorted(cls.__dict__)}
+
     if len(cls.__bases__) == 1:
         inherited_dict = cls.__bases__[0].__dict__
     else:
@@ -533,9 +537,15 @@ class id will also reuse this class definition.
     The "extra" variable is meant to be a dict (or None) that can be used for
     forward compatibility shall the need arise.
     """
+    # We need to intern the keys of the type_kwargs dict to avoid having
+    # different pickles for the same dynamic class depending on whether it was
+    # dynamically created or reconstructed from a pickled stream.
+    type_kwargs = {sys.intern(k): v for k, v in type_kwargs.items()}
+
     skeleton_class = types.new_class(
         name, bases, {"metaclass": type_constructor}, lambda ns: ns.update(type_kwargs)
     )
+
     return _lookup_class_or_track(class_tracker_id, skeleton_class)
 
 
@@ -694,8 +704,10 @@ def _function_getstate(func):
     #   unpickling time by iterating over slotstate and calling setattr(func,
     #   slotname, slotvalue)
     slotstate = {
-        "__name__": func.__name__,
-        "__qualname__": func.__qualname__,
+        # Hack to circumvent non-predictable memoization caused by string interning.
+        # See the inline comment in _class_setstate for details.
+        "__name__": "".join(func.__name__),
+        "__qualname__": "".join(func.__qualname__),
         "__annotations__": func.__annotations__,
         "__kwdefaults__": func.__kwdefaults__,
         "__defaults__": func.__defaults__,
@@ -721,7 +733,9 @@ def _function_getstate(func):
     )
     slotstate["__globals__"] = f_globals
 
-    state = func.__dict__
+    # Hack to circumvent non-predictable memoization caused by string interning.
+    # See the inline comment in _class_setstate for details.
+    state = {"".join(k): v for k, v in func.__dict__.items()}
     return state, slotstate
 
 
@@ -802,6 +816,19 @@ def _code_reduce(obj):
     # of the specific type from types, for example:
     # >>> from types import CodeType
     # >>> help(CodeType)
+
+    # Hack to circumvent non-predictable memoization caused by string interning.
+    # See the inline comment in _class_setstate for details.
+    co_name = "".join(obj.co_name)
+
+    # Create shallow copies of these tuple to make cloudpickle payload deterministic.
+    # When creating a code object during load, copies of these four tuples are
+    # created, while in the main process, these tuples can be shared.
+    # By always creating copies, we make sure the resulting payload is deterministic.
+    co_names = tuple(name for name in obj.co_names)
+    co_varnames = tuple(name for name in obj.co_varnames)
+    co_freevars = tuple(name for name in obj.co_freevars)
+    co_cellvars = tuple(name for name in obj.co_cellvars)
     if hasattr(obj, "co_exceptiontable"):
         # Python 3.11 and later: there are some new attributes
         # related to the enhanced exceptions.
@@ -814,16 +841,16 @@ def _code_reduce(obj):
             obj.co_flags,
             obj.co_code,
             obj.co_consts,
-            obj.co_names,
-            obj.co_varnames,
+            co_names,
+            co_varnames,
             obj.co_filename,
-            obj.co_name,
+            co_name,
             obj.co_qualname,
             obj.co_firstlineno,
             obj.co_linetable,
             obj.co_exceptiontable,
-            obj.co_freevars,
-            obj.co_cellvars,
+            co_freevars,
+            co_cellvars,
         )
     elif hasattr(obj, "co_linetable"):
         # Python 3.10 and later: obj.co_lnotab is deprecated and constructor
@@ -837,14 +864,14 @@ def _code_reduce(obj):
             obj.co_flags,
             obj.co_code,
             obj.co_consts,
-            obj.co_names,
-            obj.co_varnames,
+            co_names,
+            co_varnames,
             obj.co_filename,
-            obj.co_name,
+            co_name,
             obj.co_firstlineno,
             obj.co_linetable,
-            obj.co_freevars,
-            obj.co_cellvars,
+            co_freevars,
+            co_cellvars,
         )
     elif hasattr(obj, "co_nmeta"):  # pragma: no cover
         # "nogil" Python: modified attributes from 3.9
@@ -859,15 +886,15 @@ def _code_reduce(obj):
             obj.co_flags,
             obj.co_code,
             obj.co_consts,
-            obj.co_varnames,
+            co_varnames,
             obj.co_filename,
-            obj.co_name,
+            co_name,
             obj.co_firstlineno,
             obj.co_lnotab,
             obj.co_exc_handlers,
             obj.co_jump_table,
-            obj.co_freevars,
-            obj.co_cellvars,
+            co_freevars,
+            co_cellvars,
             obj.co_free2reg,
             obj.co_cell2reg,
         )
@@ -882,14 +909,14 @@ def _code_reduce(obj):
             obj.co_flags,
             obj.co_code,
             obj.co_consts,
-            obj.co_names,
-            obj.co_varnames,
+            co_names,
+            co_varnames,
             obj.co_filename,
-            obj.co_name,
+            co_name,
             obj.co_firstlineno,
             obj.co_lnotab,
-            obj.co_freevars,
-            obj.co_cellvars,
+            co_freevars,
+            co_cellvars,
         )
     return types.CodeType, args
 
@@ -1127,7 +1154,30 @@ def _class_setstate(obj, state):
         if attrname == "_abc_impl":
             registry = attr
         else:
+            # Note: setting attribute names on a class automatically triggers their
+            # interning in CPython:
+            # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.12.0/Objects/object.c#L957
+            #
+            # This means that to get deterministic pickling for a dynamic class that
+            # was initially defined in a different Python process, the pickler
+            # needs to ensure that dynamic class and function attribute names are
+            # systematically copied into a non-interned version to avoid
+            # unpredictable pickle payloads.
+            #
+            # Indeed the Pickler's memoizer relies on physical object identity to break
+            # cycles in the reference graph of the object being serialized.
             setattr(obj, attrname, attr)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 13) and "__firstlineno__" in state:
+        # Set the Python 3.13+ only __firstlineno__  attribute one more time, as it
+        # will be automatically deleted by the `setattr(obj, attrname, attr)` call
+        # above when `attrname` is "__firstlineno__". We assume that preserving this
+        # information might be important for some users and that it not stale in the
+        # context of cloudpickle usage, hence legitimate to propagate. Furthermore it
+        # is necessary to do so to keep deterministic chained pickling as tested in
+        # test_deterministic_str_interning_for_chained_dynamic_class_pickling.
+        obj.__firstlineno__ = state["__firstlineno__"]
+
     if registry is not None:
         for subclass in registry:
             obj.register(subclass)

python/pyspark/cloudpickle/cloudpickle_fast.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 See: tests/test_backward_compat.py
 """
+
 from . import cloudpickle