Migrate from gcc 12 to gcc 13 as a default

[trofi]

Describe the bug

At least on linux default used gcc is 12. Outdated compilers generally tend to have more unfixed bugs than new ones.

Additional context

Add any other context about the problem here.

A recent example is https://gcc.gnu.org/PR55522 and libsodium's jedisct1/libsodium@ad4584d where -Ofast broke many packages due to gcc-12 (and older) deficiency.

Notify maintainers

@Synthetica9 @vcunat @Ericson2314

Metadata

Please run nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m" and paste the result.

[user@system:~]$ nix-shell -p nix-info --run "nix-info -m"

 - system: `"x86_64-linux"`
 - host os: `Linux 6.5.7, NixOS, 23.11 (Tapir), 23.11.20231020.d06515a`
 - multi-user?: `yes`
 - sandbox: `yes`
 - version: `nix-env (Nix) 2.18.1`
 - channels(root): `""`
 - channels(slyfox): `""`
 - nixpkgs: `/run/current-system/sw/share/nixos-flakes/inputs/nixpkgs`

[vcunat]

This certainly won't make it to NixOS 23.11.

Usual porting reference: https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-13/porting_to.html

[Gerg-L]

This would probably be a good idea right after 23.11

[trofi]

Was done with #268097 with quite a bit of fallout. The rest of fallout will have to be addressed on a case-by-case basis.

Closing as done.

[vcunat]

This one is related: #284165