Running NixOS inside Docker #2878

domenkozar · 2014-06-09T18:53:10Z

Follow up from #1088. I'd like to run NixOS inside a Docker container. The motivation is to provision Docker images with NixOS as devops are used to Docker API.

Solutions:

https://github.com/hercules-ci/arion

offlinehacker · 2014-06-09T19:02:09Z

Create nixos rootfs using https://nixos.org/wiki/NixOS_and_libvirt and then
run container in "--privileged" mode, you have development environment you
can distribute. You could of course just use lxc or libvirt-lxc, and have
better experience, because docker was not made for system virtualization,
just sayin.

On Mon, Jun 9, 2014 at 8:53 PM, Domen Kožar notifications@github.com
wrote:

Follow up from #1088 #1088. I'd
like to run NixOS inside a Docker container. The motivation is to provision
Docker images with NixOS as devops are used to Docker API.

—
Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub
#2878.

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chexxor · 2014-06-11T14:07:55Z

Thanks for making this, @iElectric. I think Docker is very different from other container projects, such as libvirt, because Docker is super-easy to get started with. It has images in a central repo for easy download, like VagrantCloud, and it's got projects, both big and small, which provide nice GUIs.

offlinehacker · 2014-06-19T09:35:56Z

So patch for running systemd has been applied to docker master(libcontainer), and you can test it by updating and patching docker #3015. Now when it looks more promising, i will try to get nixos running inside docker.

wmertens · 2014-06-22T07:37:52Z

This is awesome! I suppose it still needs a privileged container? Where is this patch discussed?

offlinehacker · 2014-06-27T09:28:48Z

Okay to make this happen these 3 commits should be merged: #3106 #3105 #3104 With these 3 commits systemd gets started in container with required services, except shell does not work(and will be probably impossible to fix), but you can ssh. Then i will write build script for docker base image.

wmertens · 2014-06-27T10:17:41Z

Awesome! They look innocent enough. Why doesn't shell work? Not that it's
needed I think...

On Fri, Jun 27, 2014 at 11:28 AM, Jaka Hudoklin notifications@github.com
wrote:

Okay to make this happen these 3 commits should be merged: #3106
#3106 #3105
#3105 #3104
#3104 With these 3 commits systemd
gets started in container with required services, except shell does not
work(and will be probably impossible to fix), but you can ssh. Then i will
write build script for docker base image.

—
Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub
#2878 (comment).

offlinehacker · 2014-06-27T11:46:31Z

Well getty does not seem to work, you can spawn init script in the
backgrount( with & at the end of init script) and shell after init, but
that's not real login shell, but it might be enough for docker. It looks
like other distros have similar problems. If you figure out how to make
getty run in libcontainer, please let me know :)

On Fri, Jun 27, 2014 at 12:17 PM, wmertens notifications@github.com wrote:

Awesome! They look innocent enough. Why doesn't shell work? Not that it's
needed I think...

On Fri, Jun 27, 2014 at 11:28 AM, Jaka Hudoklin notifications@github.com

wrote:

Okay to make this happen these 3 commits should be merged: #3106
#3106 #3105
#3105 #3104
#3104 With these 3 commits
systemd
gets started in container with required services, except shell does not
work(and will be probably impossible to fix), but you can ssh. Then i
will
write build script for docker base image.

—
Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub
#2878 (comment).

—
Reply to this email directly or view it on GitHub
#2878 (comment).

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offlinehacker · 2014-06-28T08:18:57Z

Currently this #3105 or moby/moby#6730 issues are blocking nixos running on docker. If one of this is resolved, we are ready :)

offlinehacker · 2014-08-23T10:23:38Z

This is test case:

{ system ? builtins.currentSystem
, pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> { inherit system; }
}:
  with pkgs;
  with pkgs.lib;

let

  container = (import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix> {
    modules = [{
      nixpkgs.system = system;
      boot.isContainer = true;
      networking.firewall.enable = false;
    }];
  }).config.system.build.toplevel;

in pkgs.writeTextFile {
  name = ''docker'';
  text = ''
    FROM busybox
    CMD ["${container}/init"]
  '';
}

To run:

docker build --rm - < result
docker run -v /nix/store:/nix/store --rm d6e5b7dc2858

offlinehacker · 2014-08-25T15:48:40Z

You can beta test here: https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/offlinehacker/nixos/

domenkozar · 2014-10-22T22:30:23Z

@offlinehacker this works now right? Closing.

offlinehacker · 2014-10-22T22:43:14Z

Yeah, but this is not intended usage of docker. Docker is basically process
manager that runs processes in containers, so its purpose is running single
process in containers and not whole os(app deployment vs. Os deployment).
I'm waiting for nixup services, which will (hopefully) solve nix(without
os!) declerative docker processes/containers.
On Oct 23, 2014 12:30 AM, "Domen Kožar" notifications@github.com wrote:

Closed #2878 #2878.

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#2878 (comment).

MasseGuillaume · 2015-07-08T16:05:25Z

@offlinehacker how did you build https://registry.hub.docker.com/u/offlinehacker/nixos/ ? Can you publish an updated version ?

you can also use the following Dockerfile:

FROM offlinehacker/nixos
COPY *.nix /etc/nixos/
CMD "nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade"

and config

{ config, pkgs, ... }:

{
  imports = [ <nixos/modules/virtualisation/docker-image.nix> ];
  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
    tree
  ];
}

to customize the container

saulshanabrook · 2015-09-22T13:40:20Z

@offlinehacker Is it possible to add an updated version? Or give instructions on how to build our own image?

573 · 2016-07-15T22:10:28Z

@saulshanabrook see #4642 for instructions and followup.

nh2 · 2017-04-05T02:10:13Z

@573 I don't understand what the final outcome is, is there now a docker image that contains a recent version of NixOS?

jacknlliu · 2017-06-28T01:32:12Z

Is it possible that NixOS running inside docker container? And what is the "closing" meaning? @domenkozar

bbarker · 2017-09-01T21:27:51Z

I made an attempt at this with all steps used to reproduce, see https://hub.docker.com/r/bbarker/nixos/ and associated urls (including git repo). Some work is needed to get systemd fully working, but it is partly working. Need the help of some NixOS/systemd experts! Maybe open a new issue?

domenkozar · 2017-09-15T09:01:05Z

There is no official image to run NixOS inside docker, but some people have reported to have success doing so. I'll reopen to track any effort.

573 · 2017-09-18T09:16:53Z

@nh2 as far as I know there is none.

573 · 2017-09-19T09:56:38Z

Note: Not exactly for people interested in running NixOS (systemd etc. etc.) in a docker container but as a reference for using nix-related technology from inside a docker container, sorry for cross-posting.

I slightly reenacted my efforts and found @LnL7
The nix-docker explains enough to get you started. Just sayin' you can do lots of nice things already (tested on a Windows 7 machine as docker host - Docker Toolbox):

I got an instant nix-shell with dependencies for a certain ghc version of the haskell time package - i. e. for interactive development docker@default:~$ docker run --rm -it lnl7/nix nix-shell -p "haskell.packages.gh c821.ghcWithPackages (pkgs: [pkgs.time])" (see i. e. this article and especially the nixpkgs manual as well
I got a nix-repl for testing out nix expressions as the readme promised (yes it is <nixpkgs> literally)
the possibilities are probably endless depending on what you wanted to achieve there are lots of articles and different approaches i. e. just building some piece of software in a docker container using nix and run it etc.

srghma · 2017-12-31T19:40:51Z

@offlinehacker would like to use custom /etc/nixos/configuration.nix in docker, but offlinehacker/nixos is not working for me

 ✘  ~/project   nix ●✚  docker pull offlinehacker/nixos                                                              Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from offlinehacker/nixos
118f3436959c: Already exists
Digest: sha256:0a2326bcc26551cd0f1380217a3715011998a8d7559172ee8e210feba43bc4e8
Status: Image is up to date for offlinehacker/nixos:latest
 ✘  ~/project   nix ●✚  docker run -t -i --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN --cap-add=SYS_RESOURCE -e "container=docker" offlinehacker/nixos /bin/init
/nix/store/1vahrabkmxxhh1pq8l6m1ilvs33zp29b-docker-17.09.1-ce/libexec/docker/docker: Error response from daemon: oci runtime error: container_linux.go:265: starting container process caused "exec: \"/bin/init\": stat /bin/init: no such file or directory".

P.S. where is the source code of this image, would like to know how this was created

FRidh · 2019-03-05T13:29:03Z

Just to show the current status:

{ system ? builtins.currentSystem
, pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> { inherit system; }
}:
  with pkgs;
  with pkgs.lib;

let

  container = (import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix> {
    modules = [{
      nixpkgs.system = system;
      boot.isContainer = true;
      networking.firewall.enable = false;
    }];
  }).config.system.build.toplevel;

in dockerTools.buildImage {
  name = "nixos";
  config = {
    Cmd = [ "${container}/init" ];
  };
}

Build it, load it, then run:

$ docker run nixos:xj0lfkd8hqkwgxlmgp9nifjja13chf7a

<<< NixOS Stage 2 >>>

mount: /: permission denied.
mount: /nix/store: permission denied.
mount: /nix/store: permission denied.
running activation script...
setting up /etc...
Warning: something's wrong at /nix/store/vn1xs9s2akf79y1pbya2qldydbf2b22m-setup-etc.pl line 120.
Warning: something's wrong at /nix/store/vn1xs9s2akf79y1pbya2qldydbf2b22m-setup-etc.pl line 120.
hostname: you don't have permission to set the host name
Activation script snippet 'hostname' failed (1)
mount: /dev: permission denied.
mount: /dev/pts: permission denied.
mount: /dev/shm: permission denied.
mount: /proc: permission denied.
mount: /run: permission denied.
mount: /run/keys: permission denied.
mount: /run/wrappers: permission denied.
Activation script snippet 'specialfs' failed (32)
starting systemd...

srghma · 2019-03-05T14:14:26Z

@FRidh maybe this example from arion is helpful

https://github.com/nix-community/todomvc-nix/blob/254dbc72895d1d45f91504e7e78be1e4f08391d6/deploy/arion/service-nginx.nix#L32

Though not sure how to make all systemd units to run

domenkozar · 2019-04-24T04:07:25Z

We are using https://github.com/hercules-ci/arion for local development and reusing NixOS services. It's not trivial to wire them up, but it has gotten better in last few months :)

domenkozar · 2019-04-30T05:52:17Z

Robert has built Arion, docker-compose integration with Nix that can run in containers:

plain commands using Nix/Nixpkgs
single systemd units from NixOS
full NixOS
docker hub image

I've refreshed README today, would love some feedback

offlinehacker · 2019-09-16T06:39:38Z

Idk it seems that people do it in their own ways and it seems solved to me, at least in a sense what you can force docker and nixos to do. I decided to try to find better alternatives to docker, from podman, kata containers, firecracker, cri-o,... and better alternatives to abstract services.

eyJhb · 2019-09-16T06:43:48Z

Considering that the issue mentioned (#1088) mentions, that NixOS should support Docker, the link I have given provides a answer that we do, plus we have this in unstable ( https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/modules/virtualisation/docker-containers.nix ), that allows us to declare containers inside our configuration file. :)

If DevOps need to support anything, then the issue should maybe be opened in DevOps repo :)

wmertens · 2019-09-16T08:23:17Z

@eyJhb the link you gave makes a docker image with Nix, not NixOS. There's no systemd running, no way to declare which services run etc.

flokli · 2020-02-05T01:09:03Z

Running NixOS inside docker requires running systemd, which doesn't work in there. There's multiple solutions available these days to

build Docker images containing single applications
build declarative/imperative docker containers and run them from NixOS
build NixOS to run inside an nspawn container

Other proposed things above (firecracker and whatnot) probably should go into a separate issue, but I don't see anything actionable here.

I propose closing this issue.

offlinehacker · 2020-02-05T01:11:37Z

systemd runs inside docker, you just need to mount cgroups. It even runs with user namespaces, using cgroup hierarchy v2, unfortunately currently only using podman.

flokli · 2020-02-05T01:14:24Z

Well, in that case, there should be an issue about building an OCI image containing a whole NixOS system, and some documentation/tooling (?) on how to mount the cgroups.

nh2 · 2020-02-05T02:44:35Z

in that case, there should be an issue about building an OCI image containing a whole NixOS system

I think that issue ... is this issue 😁

nh2 · 2020-08-04T01:46:50Z

@volth Why was this closed? From what i understood from the last few posts, it should be possible to make this work.

domenkozar · 2020-08-04T07:43:46Z

I think we could have a function that generates a docker image with NixOS configured, taking inspirations from arion.

malte-v · 2020-09-10T14:14:15Z

@offlinehacker Could you tell us how you got NixOS running inside podman? I tried #2878 (comment) with podman instead of Docker but it just gives the exact same error messages.

offlinehacker · 2020-09-10T19:22:06Z

I only managed it on fedora 32, as I already knew you can run systemd podman containers out of the box on it. I need to figure out what nixos has different configured but I remembered something with cgroups and user slices. I tried both cgroups hierarchy v1 and v2, it will not work with v1 hierarchy at all.

stale · 2021-03-16T04:46:12Z

I marked this as stale due to inactivity. → More info

bryanasdev000 · 2021-03-16T12:35:32Z

Up!

teh · 2021-03-19T23:12:45Z

I think the issue here is that activate fails and that means no systemd in the path so exec at the end of /init doesn't do anything. The following ~works but of course it'd be better to figure out why activate fails.

  container2 = (import <nixpkgs/nixos/lib/eval-config.nix> {
    inherit system;
    modules = [{
      nixpkgs.system = system;
      boot.isContainer = true;
      networking.firewall.enable = false;
      security.audit.enable = false;
      services.postgresql.enable = true;
      environment.systemPackages = [ systemd ];
    }];
  }).config.system.build.toplevel;

<<< NixOS Stage 2 >>>

rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/..data': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/namespace': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/..2021_03_19_23_08_27.915364990/token': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/..2021_03_19_23_08_27.915364990/namespace': Read-only file system
rm: cannot remove '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/..2021_03_19_23_08_27.915364990/ca.crt': Read-only file system
running activation script...
setting up /etc...
Warning: something's wrong at /nix/store/vn1xs9s2akf79y1pbya2qldydbf2b22m-setup-etc.pl line 120.
Warning: something's wrong at /nix/store/vn1xs9s2akf79y1pbya2qldydbf2b22m-setup-etc.pl line 120.
starting systemd...

Welcome to NixOS 20.09 (Nightingale)!

[  OK  ] Created slice system-getty.slice.
[  OK  ] Created slice system-serial\x2dgetty.slice.
[  OK  ] Created slice User and Session Slice.
[  OK  ] Started Dispatch Password …ts to Console Directory Watch.
[  OK  ] Started Forward Password R…uests to Wall Directory Watch.
[UNSUPP] Starting of /dev/ttyS0 not supported.
[DEPEND] Dependency failed for Serial Getty on ttyS0.
[  OK  ] Reached target Containers.
[  OK  ] Reached target Paths.
[  OK  ] Reached target Remote File Systems.
[  OK  ] Reached target Slices.
[  OK  ] Reached target Swap.
[  OK  ] Listening on Process Core Dump Socket.
[  OK  ] Listening on initctl Compatibility Named Pipe.
[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Audit Socket.
[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket (/dev/log).
[  OK  ] Listening on Journal Socket.
...

[FAILED] Failed to start DHCP Client.
See 'systemctl status dhcpcd.service' for details.
[  OK  ] Reached target Network is Online.
[  OK  ] Reached target Multi-User System.

stale · 2021-09-19T01:24:28Z

I marked this as stale due to inactivity. → More info

alexvorobiev · 2021-09-21T23:06:20Z

This is still important.

Chris2011 · 2021-11-28T22:51:21Z

I followed the whole ticket and I see that the nixos docker image from @offlinehacker is not there anymore. And also one I can see which needs a deeper look into it. For now, is there any solution for this? Yes I know, that docker was not made for whole OS but when I want to use a docker image, I would like to use NixOS instead of alpine or anything else.

adrian-gierakowski · 2021-11-28T23:04:44Z

@Chris2011 if you don’t need the entire NixOS (with systemd etc), but just nix (and any packages built with nix) you can check this out: https://github.com/nix-community/docker-nixpkgs

Chris2011 · 2021-11-28T23:28:23Z

@adrian-gierakowski thx for the link, will have a look and it seems promising for me :)

06kellyjac · 2022-05-31T17:19:41Z

#175474 looks slightly related

domenkozar added the enhancement label Jun 9, 2014

domenkozar closed this as completed Oct 22, 2014

domenkozar reopened this Sep 15, 2017

thedavidmeister mentioned this issue Nov 17, 2018

state of nix-shell on mac os X holochain/holochain-rust#632

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Running NixOS inside Docker #2878

Running NixOS inside Docker #2878

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