CI: Overhaul Coverity Scan

[jadenabrams100]

This PR attempts to fix the problems with the previously submitted Coverity Scanning action. Basic building functionality is borrowed from our ubuntu.yml, and Coverity functionality is borrowed from PROJ's coverity-scan.yml.

The needed secrets are:

• COVERITY_PASSPHRASE: the token used to submit builds.

[nilason]

I'm curious how this will work, I left some minor suggestions.

Comments resolved.

[wenzeslaus]

The variables in the Settings are set.

[nilason]

Thanks @jadenabrams100 !

The workflow worked fine https://github.com/OSGeo/grass/actions/runs/8613750220, but some 3 hrs after still no update on Coverity...

See the exemplary commit message 88f73e2: the relevant and potentially important information you first put in in-code comments, is better placed there.

[jadenabrams100]

Thank you for example on how to format the commit messages properly! I checked this morning to see if it worked and have been looking into it for the past few hours. I do think it worked properly on our end (given the output from the action looks very similar to PROJ's), so I am not sure why it is not updating on the Coverity website. I sent an email to the Coverity Scan admin explaining our situation and will report back with what he says.

[nilason]

There are two possible reasons:

1. It needs to be built in debug mode CFLAGS=-g CXXFLAGS=-g
2. Configure before build with cov-build --dir cov-int make (now it is cov-build --dir cov-int .github/workflows/build_ubuntu-22.04_without_x.sh $HOME/install).

[nilason]

#3572 is an attempt to address this.