Integrate energy measurements

[Zeitsperre]

Pull Request Checklist:

• This PR addresses an already opened issue (for bug fixes / features)
  • This PR fixes #xyz
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)
• CHANGELOG.rst has been updated (with summary of main changes)
  • Link to issue (:issue:number) and pull request (:pull:number) has been added

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• Adds an Action for estimating the energy usage and carbon emissions of our CI events
• Addresses a small but rare pytest teardown race condition

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

No.

Other information:

https://github.com/green-coding-solutions/eco-ci-energy-estimation

[github-actions]

Note

It appears that this Pull Request modifies the main.yml workflow.

On inspection, the XCLIM_TESTDATA_BRANCH environment variable is set to the most recent tag (v2024.8.23).

No further action is required.

[coveralls]

coverage: 89.262%. remained the same
when pulling 6a02078 on energy-usage
into 94530cd on main.

[github-actions]

Eco-CI Output:

Label	🖥 avg. CPU utilization [%]	🔋 Total Energy [Joules]	🔌 avg. Power [Watts]	Duration [Seconds]
Total Run (incl. overhead)	15.815	3.52529	1.48	2.39
Finish Run	6.88	3.52529	2.00	1.76

🌳 CO2 Data:
City: Chicago, Lat: 41.8874, Lon: -87.6318
IP: 20.88.15.112
CO₂ from energy is: 0.001399425 g
CO₂ from manufacturing (embodied carbon) is: 0.000681900 g
Carbon Intensity for this location: 397 gCO₂eq/kWh
SCI: 0.002081 gCO₂eq / pipeline run emitted

[aulemahal]

Thanks! Looking forward in seeing this new indicator evolve.

There's something quite frustrating in that we live and work in one of the less CO2-intensive grid and, yet, this CI sometimes runs in like Chicago which has a 10x more polluting electricity...

[Zeitsperre]

There's something quite frustrating in that we live and work in one of the less CO2-intensive grid and, yet, this CI sometimes runs in like Chicago which has a 10x more polluting electricity...

I was mentioning this to @tlogan2000, that this might help justify looking into having our own dedicate GitHub (or GitLab?) test runners. If the upkeep costs are minimal, I imagine this would really reduce our footprint.