Hydrogen retrofit of natural gas plants

[toniseibold]

Allowing for OCGT, CCGT and CHP plants to be retrofitted to hydrogen

kudos to Daniel Rüdt

If the config [electricity][H2_retrofit_plants][enable] = true the model is allowed to retrofit OCGT, CCGT and CHP plants which are built later than [electricity][H2_OCGT_retrofit][year].

E.g. if the year is set to 2019, in add_existing_baseyear the OCGT/CCGT links are copied and added as OCGT H2 retrofitted/CCGT H2 retrofitted links. Both link types are extendable with p_nom_max set to the current installed capacity of OCGT/CCGT.

If the optimization is myopic, the same function is used in add_brownfield.

In solve_network additional constraints are set for all OCGT/CCGT and OCGT/CCGT H2 retrofitted links in a way that the sum of installed capacity equals the original OCGT/CCGT installed capacity.

Some remarks:

• the lifetime of the retrofitted OCGT/CCGT plants is not longer than the lifetime of the original OCGT/CCGT plant
• Costs for the retrofitting and efficiency for the H2 OCGT are taken from RLI

Cluster Test Run (3H Resolution)

Together with PyPSA/pypsa-ariadne#65, the development of installed capacities in Germany is the following. Note that the gas fired power plants that are capable of retrofitting are deleted from a certain year on, but the system does not have to retrofit the total installed capacity all at once (so the installed capacity of hydrogen fired plants can be smaller than the previous installed gas fired capacity).
There is still some installed capacity of OCGT from 2015 which does not qualify for retrofitting.

The CCGT plants are not expanded. All installed capacities are from earlier than 2020. The long lifetime does not push them out of the system by 2045.

For CHPs which fall under the grouping_years_heat, existing 2024 CHPs are already retrofitted early on. Code currently allows for reduction of installed capacities because p_nom_min=0.

Checking the model

• p_nom_max is equal for OCGT and hydrogen retrofitted plants
• the sum of p_noms equals p_nom_max
• A 3H resolution run shows some retrofitting in 2035

Checklist

• I tested my contribution locally and it seems to work fine.
• Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
• Changed dependencies are added to envs/environment.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are added in all of config.default.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are also documented in doc/configtables/*.csv.
• A release note doc/release_notes.rst is added.

[toniseibold]

All requested changes incorporated.

[toniseibold]

Closing it for now, will do another PR for pypsa-eur master when I have the time - quick fix for ariadne for now