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DArchOS Prepare scripts

Table of Contents

Introduction

DArchOS Prepare is a project that contains scripts to generate configuration files for customizing DArchOS installation and to prepare the microSD card for Raspberry Pi 2/3 single-board computers by formatting and downloading initial resources to complete the installation

Features

  • Configuration generation with auto-detection, interactive and manual modes
  • Preparation of microSD Card with DArchOS resources to be installed
    • MicroSD formatting with FAT16 (vfat) for /boot partition and EXT4 for / partition
    • ArchLinux-ARM installation
    • DArchOS resources downloading
    • Preparation for first-boot installation

Requirements

  • Raspberry Pi 2 or Raspberry Pi 3 single-board computer
  • MicroSD with at least 16GB of storage (32GB or better recommended)
  • MicroSD card reader/writer
  • Stable network connection for downloading resources
    • For DArchOS installation, it is required a cabled internet or wifi with WPA/WPA2 security
  • A working GNU/Linux-based system to format and prepare the MicroSD with DArchOS resources

Purpose

DArchOS Prepare has the purpose to prepare and customize the installation of DArchOS Linux distribution. It has been designed to be minimal and work on any ArchLinux-like distribution, but without preventing users from other popular distributions from using it.

How to use

Generating configuration file

Can be done in 3 different ways with gen-config.sh script or manually:

  1. Interactive mode:
    • Run bash gen-config.sh -I
    • Follow the steps selecting username, password, timezone etc
  2. Auto-detection mode:
    • Run bash gen-config.sh -S
    • Standard password for user is darchos and darchosroot for root.
    • (Optional) add -q option to disable output to stdout. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Sq for less information in stdout
    • (Optional) add -s option to enable SSH for remote login. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Ss for enabling SSH
    • (Optional) add -ss option to disable SSH and avoid remote login. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Sss for disabling SSH
    • (Optional) add -t option to customize the /tmp tmpfs size. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -St 512M for mounting /tmp with 512MB
    • (Optional) add -u option to customize the username. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Su foobar to create foobar user. If this option is not used, the default username is darchos
    • (Optional) add -m option to install minimal/server version without graphical interface. Doesn't do anything at the moment but is being prepared to come in v0.3.x Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Sm for minimal version
    • (Optional) add -a option to customize the architecture to install. For now, only armv7h (for RPi2, RPi3) is supported but armv6h (for RPi0, RPi0w and RPi) is being prepared with v0.3.x Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Sa armv7h to generate config for Raspberry Pi 2 or Raspberry Pi 3 (3B+ not supported yet) single board computers.
    • (Optional) add -w option to connect to wifi with WPA/WPA2 security. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Sw MyWifi:SekritPass for connecting to wifi MyWifi with SekritPass WPA/WPA2 password
    • (Optional) add -z option to customize the swapfile size. Ex: bash gen-config.sh -Sz 1G for creating /swapfile with 1GB
  3. Manual mode:
    • Create a copy of example-config.txt
    • Save it as config.txt in the same directory
    • Edit config.txt to your preferences
    • Save it
    • Read Customizable Values section for reference.

Preparing microSD:

Can be done in with install.sh script. Always run as root (or using sudo):

  • Run bash install.sh. It will prompt for which device to format. It will format the device, download resources and prepare the microSD.
  • (Optional) If you want to skip the device selection, add -d option and it will ask for confirmation so you don't format the wrong device. Ex: bash install.sh -d /dev/sdb
  • (Optional) If you want to skip the device selection and the confirmation prompting (better for automation), add -D option. Ex: bash install.sh -D /dev/sdb
  • (Optional) If you don't want the downloaded ArchLinux-ARM files to be removed after the microSD preparation, add -n option. Ex: bash install.sh -n
  • (Optional) If you don't want any downloaded files to be removed after the microSD preparation, add -nn option. Ex: bash install.sh -nn
  • (Optional) If you want to mount the partitions in a different path other than /mnt, add -m option passing an absolute path. Ex: bash install.sh -m /home/myuser/tmp
  • (Optional) If you want to change the path for the downloaded resources which defaults to /tmp, add -t option passing an absolute path. Ex: bash install.sh -t /home/myuser/tmp
    • Should be good for developers/contributors when used in conjunction with -n or -nn options, so it doesn't delete resources and you can test it again. Ex: bash install.sh -nnt /home/myuser/tmp
  • (Optional) If you want to download the WIP (work-in-progress) version of DArchOS resources, add -w option. This is not recommended for regular users. Ex: bash install.sh -w

Usage Examples

Simple

Create user with darchos username and prepare the microSD that is assigned in /dev/sdc prompting for confirmation before formatting the device. User password will be darchos and root password will be darchosroot

## Create a config.txt file
bash gen-config.sh -S
## Prepare the microSD prompting for confirmation before formatting
sudo bash install.sh -d /dev/sdc

Simple and Automated

Create user foobar and prepare the microSD that is assigned in /dev/sdb without prompting for confirmation before formatting the device. User password will be darchos and root password will be darchosroot

## Create a config.txt file with user foobar (-u option)
bash gen-config.sh -Su foobar

## Prepare the microSD that is mounted in /dev/sdb without asking for confirmation
bash install.sh -D /dev/sdb

Fully Customized and Automated

Create user foobar and prepare the microSD that is assigned in /dev/sdd, without prompting for confirmation before formatting the device, autoconnecting to wifi that has SSID hello and password world adding custom mounting points and temporary path for the downloaded resources, without deleting any of them. User password will be darchos and root password will be darchosroot

## Create a config.txt file with user_name foobar (-u option)
## with 1GB of swapfile (-s option)
## with 512MB for /tmp (-t option)
## auto-connecting to wifi with SSID 'MyWifi' that has 'SekritPass' password (-w option)
bash gen-config.sh -Su foobar -s 1G -t 512M -w MyWifi:SekritPass

## Prepare the microSD assigned in /dev/sdd without prompting for confirmation (-D option),
## mounting it in /tmp/darchos/mount (-m option)
## downloading the work-in-progress resources (-w option) to /tmp/darchos/download (-t option),
## without removing them after preparation (-nn option)
sudo bash install.sh -wnnD /dev/sdd -m /tmp/darchos/mount -t /tmp/darchos/download

Fully Interactive

Allows the user to customize the configuration by prompting inside the terminal

## Create a config.txt file by prompting the user (-I option).
## The -I option can be omitted as it is the default if -S option is not used
## Username, locale, passwords, timezone, swapfile size, /tmp size and more will be asked
bash gen-config.sh -I

## Prompts the user for which microSD to format
sudo bash install.sh

Customizable Values

Some values can be customized by editing manually the config.txt file. Read Generating configuration file for how to generate it.

Required

These values are required, if any of them is not set correctly, might cause issues during the installation process, ending up with a corrupted system.

  • USER_NAME: name of the initial user of the system to be created. Set automatically to darchos when gen-config.sh is ran with -S. Can be customized by -u option or in interactive mode (-I option)
  • USER_PASSWORD: password of the initial user. It is automatically set to darchos when the gen-config.sh is ran with -S option, but can be set differently when ran in interactive mode (-I option)
  • ROOT_PASSWORD: password of root user. It is automatically set to darchosroot when the gen-config.sh is ran with -S option, but can be set differently when ran in interactive mode (-I option)
  • HOSTNAME: hostname for the system. Automatically set to <USER_NAME>-darchos when the gen-config.sh is ran with -S option (ex: if the USER_NAME is foobar, then it will be foobar-darchos), but can be set differently when ran in interactive mode (-I option)
  • LANGUAGE: main locale of the system. Automatically set to the same of the host system that is generating the configuration file (uses en_US if none is detected) when gen-config.sh is ran with -Soption. Can be set differently when ran in interactive mode (-I option)
  • ARCH: architecture of the system. Only armv7h is suppported for now. Don't change it.

Optional

These values can be empty or unset. But it is recommended to have them correctly set for better experience with DArchOS.

  • ADDITIONAL_LANGUAGES: other locales to be used in the system. Automatically set to the same of the host system that is generating the configuration file when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option. Can NOT be set differently when ran in interactive mode (-I option) as it is not yet supported in this mode.
  • KEYBOARD_TYPE: path for the keymap. Automatically set to the same of the host system that is generating the configuration file when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option. During the interactive mode (-I option), the options shown are from the actual host system.
  • TIMEZONE: timezone for the system. Automatically set to the same of the host system that is generating the configuration file (uses UTC /usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc/UTC if none is detected) when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option, but can be set differently when ran in interactive mode (-I option). During the interactive mode (-I option), the options shown are from the actual host system.
  • SWAPFILE_SIZE: size (in bytes) for the swapfile that will be created in /swapfile. Automatically set to 2G when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option. Can be customized with -s option or when ran in interactive mode (-I option). The swapfile will not be created if this value is empty
  • TMP_SIZE: size (in bytes) for the tmpfs (temporary filesystem) in /tmp. Automatically set to 1G when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option. Can be customized with -t option or when ran in interactive mode (-I option). It will use half of the available RAM if this value is empty

Wifi Connection

Autoconnect to wifi network. Wifi network must use WPA/WPA2 security or it will fail to connect to internet, causing package installations to fail, so DArchOS installation will also fail, consequently. Do not add values to Wifi connection if you use a cabled connection

  • WIFI_SSID: SSID for the wifi network to be auto-connected when DArchOS installation starts. Can be set with -w option when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option. Will be prompted in interactive mode (-I option)
  • WIFI_PASS: WPA/WPA2 password for the wifi network to be auto-connected. Can be set with -w option when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option. Will be prompted in interactive mode (-I option)

Raspberry Pi Boot Options

Use those with caution. Recommended to let them in peace, unless you really know what the heck you are doing, or they might horse kick you in the face.

  • DISABLE_SPLASH: disables rainbow splash screen on boot whether you set to 1 or to 0. Always set to 0 by gen-config.sh
  • GPU_MEM: memory (in megabytes) that will be shared from RAM to GPU. If you plan to use camera, it requires a at least 128 to work. It is automatically set to 128 by gen-config.sh for when camera will be used (-c option, UNTESTED), or set to 64 otherwise
  • SD_OVERCLOCK: overclock the microSD card reader of Raspberry Pi. It is unset by default by gen-config.sh which inherits the default value of 50 in Raspberry Pi board. With a value of 100 (or higher) most microSDs (even some UHS-3) dont even boot up
  • DISABLE_OVERSCAN: disables the overscan (black edges on the video) where you set it to 1 or to 0, which is a common for very old CRT monitors. Modern monitors with digital signals (DVI, HDMI, DisplayPort) don't suffer this problem. Automatically set to 1 when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option, but can be set differently when in interactive mode (-I option)
  • HDMI_DRIVE: allows to pass audio through HDMI video output when set to 1, or doesn't when set to 2. Automatically set to 1 when gen-config.sh is ran with -S option, but can be set differently when in interactive mode (-I option)
  • HDMI_CVT: allows forcing a very specific resolution to Raspberry Pi. It is unset by default by gen-config.sh, which allows Raspberry Pi board to automatically detect the best option. Read Raspberry Pi config.txt docs — Custom mode
  • SDTV_MODE: standard TV output mode selection. It is unset by default by gen-config.sh, which allows Raspberry Pi board to automatically detect the best option. There are 4 possible values:
    • 0 for NTSC
    • 1 for Japanese NTSC
    • 2 for PAL
    • 3 for Brazilian PAL
  • SDTV_ASPECT: video aspect ratio. It is unset by default by gen-config.sh, which allows Raspberry Pi board to automatically detect the best option. Setting any value here is almost useless Because the operating system, video driver and display server will take care of everything after boot. Anyway, there are 3 possible values:
    • 1 for 4:3
    • 2 for 14:9
    • 3 for 16:9

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