Architecture

🏗️ Architecture

Overview

The UUID library is designed with the following principles:

• High Performance
• Thread Safety
• Memory Efficiency
• Cross-Platform Compatibility

Core Components

1. UUID Struct

public readonly partial struct UUID(ulong timestamp, ulong random) : IEquatable<UUID>, IComparable<UUID>, IComparable
{
    // Implementation details...
}

Key characteristics:

• Value type for performance
• Immutable design
• 16-byte storage (same as Guid)

2. Random Number Generation

private static readonly ThreadLocal<RandomNumberGenerator> Rng =
    new(() => RandomNumberGenerator.Create());

Features:

• Cryptographically secure
• Thread-local for performance
• Automatic cleanup

3. String Formatting

public readonly struct StringFormatter
{
    private const string HexChars = "0123456789abcdef";
    private const string Base32Chars = "0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTVWXYZ";
    
    // Implementation details...
}

Supported formats:

• Hexadecimal (default)
• Base32 (URL-safe)
• Base64

Design Patterns

1. Thread-Local Storage

public class ThreadLocalExample
{
    private static readonly ThreadLocal<byte[]> BytePool =
        new(() => new byte[16]);
        
    private static readonly ThreadLocal<char[]> CharPool =
        new(() => new char[32]);
}

Benefits:

• No lock contention
• Improved performance
• Memory efficiency

2. Buffer Pooling

public class BufferPool
{
    private readonly ConcurrentQueue<char[]> _charBuffers =
        new ConcurrentQueue<char[]>();
        
    public char[] Rent() =>
        _charBuffers.TryDequeue(out var buffer)
            ? buffer
            : new char[32];
            
    public void Return(char[] buffer) =>
        _charBuffers.Enqueue(buffer);
}

Advantages:

• Reduced allocations
• Better memory usage
• Improved GC behavior

3. Zero-Allocation Operations

public readonly struct ZeroAllocationExample
{
    public bool TryWriteBytes(Span<byte> destination)
    {
        if (destination.Length < 16)
            return false;
            
        // Write directly to span
        return true;
    }
}

Benefits:

• No heap allocations
• Reduced GC pressure
• Better performance

Performance Optimizations

1. Struct Layout

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public readonly struct OptimizedStruct
{
    private readonly ulong _first;
    private readonly ulong _second;
}

Benefits:

• Optimal memory layout
• Efficient CPU operations
• Better cache utilization

2. SIMD Operations

public static class SimdOperations
{
    public static bool Compare(ref UUID first, ref UUID second)
    {
        if (Vector.IsHardwareAccelerated)
        {
            // Use SIMD operations
        }
        // Fallback implementation
    }
}

Advantages:

• Hardware acceleration
• Parallel processing
• Improved performance

3. Lock-Free Operations

public class LockFreeExample
{
    private static long _counter;
    
    public static long GetNext() =>
        Interlocked.Increment(ref _counter);
}

Benefits:

• No lock contention
• Better scalability
• Improved throughput

Cross-Platform Considerations

1. Platform Detection

public static class PlatformHelper
{
    public static bool IsLittleEndian =>
        BitConverter.IsLittleEndian;
        
    public static bool Is64BitProcess =>
        IntPtr.Size == 8;
}

2. Endianness Handling

public static class EndianHelper
{
    public static ulong SwapEndianness(ulong value)
    {
        // Handle different CPU architectures
        return BitConverter.IsLittleEndian
            ? value
            : BinaryPrimitives.ReverseEndianness(value);
    }
}

3. Platform-Specific Optimizations

public static class PlatformOptimizations
{
    public static void OptimizeForPlatform()
    {
        if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
        {
            // Windows-specific optimizations
        }
        else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
        {
            // Linux-specific optimizations
        }
    }
}

Testing Strategy

1. Unit Tests

public class UUIDTests
{
    [Fact]
    public void Generation_Should_Be_Unique()
    {
        var set = new HashSet<UUID>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
        {
            Assert.True(set.Add(new UUID()));
        }
    }
}

2. Performance Tests

[Benchmark]
public class PerformanceTests
{
    [Benchmark]
    public void Measure_Generation_Speed()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
        {
            _ = new UUID();
        }
    }
}

3. Cross-Platform Tests

public class CrossPlatformTests
{
    [Theory]
    [InlineData(OSPlatform.Windows)]
    [InlineData(OSPlatform.Linux)]
    [InlineData(OSPlatform.OSX)]
    public void Should_Work_On_All_Platforms(OSPlatform platform)
    {
        // Platform-specific tests
    }
}