Add ability to use static builds of libtiledb (#186)

This updates the tiledb-sys crate to be able to build a static version
of libtiledb. This allows Rust projects to create statically linked
binaries for distribution.

.github/scripts/macos-check-static-linkage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+otool -L target/debug/examples/quickstart_dense-* | grep tiledb
+if [ "$?" -eq "0" ]; then
+    echo "Detected dynamic linkage to libtiledb.dylib"
+    exit 1
+fi

.github/scripts/ubuntu-check-static-linkage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+ldd target/debug/examples/quickstart_dense-* | grep tiledb
+if [ "$?" -eq "0" ]; then
+    echo "Detected dynamic linkage to libtiledb.so"
+    exit 1
+fi

.github/workflows/nightly-static-ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: Static Nightlies
+on:
+  schedule:
+    # runs every day at 1:45 UTC
+    - cron: "45 01 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Test Static Build
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest"]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout tiledb-rs
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+      - name: Test
+        run: cargo test --all-targets --all-features
+        env:
+          # Building against a static version of libtiledb
+          TILEDB_SYS_STATIC: true
+          # Limit parallel compilation jobs to avoid exhausting RAM
+          TILEDB_SYS_JOBS: 4
+      - name: Assert Static Linkage
+        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'ubuntu-') }}
+        run: .github/scripts/ubuntu-check-static-linkage.sh
+      - name: Assert Static Linkage
+        if: ${{ startsWith(matrix.os, 'macos-') }}
+        run: .github/scripts/macos-check-static-linkage.sh
+
+  create_issue_on_fail:
+    name: Create Issue on Fail
+    permissions:
+      issues: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: test
+    if: failure() || cancelled()
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Create Issue on Failure
+        uses: TileDB-Inc/github-actions/open-issue@main
+        with:
+          name: Nightly Build Failure
+          label: nightly-failure
+          assignee: davisp,rroelke