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Add skip-link to FSE themes #28946

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Add skip-link to FSE themes #28946

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@aristath aristath commented Feb 11, 2021

Fixes #21507

Description

This PR does the following:

  • Adds a new skipLinks top-level item in theme.json
  • Allows themes to opt-out of the auto-generated skip-link in theme.json
  • Allows themes to define the skip-link target(s)
  • Includes some sane fallback for elements that should be used as skip-link targets in case the author has not defined any targets, or the selector they defined was not found.

Then on render the following happen:

  • We look inside the content HTML for things like id="skip-link-target" - assuming the user has defined #skip-link-target as the element in their theme.json file.
    • If the ID is located in the content, then we add the skip-link in wp_body_open and target the defined element.
    • If the ID is not located, then a vanilla-JS script gets injected in the footer and takes care of injecting the skip-link by querying the DOM for the fallback elements.

theme.json

The skipLinks can be defined like this:

{
	"skipLinks": {
		"auto": true,
		"css": true,
		"links": [
			{
				"target": "#skip-link-target",
				"label": "Skip to Content"
			},
			{
				"target": "#main-navigation",
				"label": "Skip to Navigation",
				"useFallbacks": false
			}
		]
	}
}

Arguments:

  • auto: (bool) If set to false then automatic skip-links generation will be skipped. This is how authors can opt-out of the feature (for example if it's a single-page with no header and it goes straight to content 🤷). If omitted then we assume true.
  • css: (bool) We shouldn't force theme-authors to re-invent the wheel each time, so the CSS gets printed by default, but authors can opt-out if they want by setting it to false.
  • links: (array) This is where users can define their skip-link (or multiple skip-links if needed). Each "link" can have the following:
    • target: (string|array) An element that should be used as the target.
    • label: (string) The skip-link's label. If omitted defaults to Skip to content.
    • useFallbacks: (bool) If set to false, then the fallbacks won't be added (more info about the fallbacks below). This only makes sense in case we have multiple skip-links defined.

Fallback selectors

The fallback selectors are defined in an array:

$fallbacks = array(
	'#skip-link-target',
	'main',
	'.wp-block-post-title',
	'.wp-block-query-loop',
	'.wp-block-post-content',
	'.entry-content',
	'h1',
	'h2',
);

This covers most (if not all) cases I could think of, and their priority makes sense but we can expand that logic and tweak them.

Why not a separate block?

Adding a separate block for the skip-link and the skip-link target would introduce a lot of complexity for users. The UI would be cumbersome because it's basically invisible elements. Adding as a block would also allow people who don't necessarily understand the purpose or importance of a skip-link to point the skip-link to the wrong things (footer menus anyone?)
This automated implementation takes away all the guesswork, while still allowing users to point the skip-link to an element of their choosing if they want to, by adding the skip-link-target anchor to a block. It's a reasonable compromise between automation and freedom.

How has this been tested?

Tested in an FSE theme:

  • Index pages
  • Archives
  • Single posts
  • Single pages

Tested both with a #skip-link-target element present, and without.

Checklist:

  • My code is tested.
  • My code follows the WordPress code style.
  • My code follows the accessibility standards.
  • My code has proper inline documentation.
  • I've included developer documentation if appropriate.
  • I've updated all React Native files affected by any refactorings/renamings in this PR.

@aristath aristath added [Feature] Themes Questions or issues with incorporating or styling blocks in a theme. [Feature] Full Site Editing labels Feb 11, 2021
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Size Change: +553 B (0%)

Total Size: 1.42 MB

Filename Size Change
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build/block-library/blocks/navigation-link/editor.css 651 B +16 B (+3%)
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build/edit-navigation/style-rtl.css 2.86 kB +144 B (+5%) 🔍
build/edit-navigation/style.css 2.86 kB +146 B (+5%) 🔍
ℹ️ View Unchanged
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@aristath aristath requested a review from carolinan February 11, 2021 13:41
@aristath aristath mentioned this pull request Feb 11, 2021
@gziolo gziolo added the Needs Accessibility Feedback Need input from accessibility label Feb 12, 2021
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gziolo commented Feb 12, 2021

An interesting idea 👍🏻 I have some questions related to the proposal. What if someone wants to have more than 1 skip link? What if they want to have a different text for the link? I'm a bit worried that the simplistic format that theme.json promotes creates limitations that might be hard to overcome. Just to give an example, in WP-Admin there are two skip links:

Screen Shot 2021-02-12 at 08 13 44

Screen Shot 2021-02-12 at 08 13 49

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oandregal commented Feb 12, 2021

Hey, I was looking at this for the code changes, but I believe is better that we clarify direction before diving into code.

According to #21507 (comment) it looks like the direction we want to go is trying to absorb the concept of skip links into the template parts (header). I lack context on the specifics but I understand it can be a block or an attribute of the template part ― for which we need the ability to "understand" that a particular template part is a header, which is under development judging by the status of #26599 and a first PR to classify them has recently landed #28410

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carolinan commented Feb 12, 2021

The skip link needs to be the first focusable item on a page, no matter where or if a header template part is used.

There are also scenarios where a template part is not needed like for a one page site.

@aristath
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What if someone wants to have more than 1 skip link?

Interesting and valid! I refactored the implementation to allow for multiple skip-links and adjusted the PR description accordingly 👍

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Please include the documentation for the new feature.

Base automatically changed from master to trunk March 1, 2021 15:45
@carolinan
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Is there anything still blocking this? I guess it needs two approvals?

@aristath
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Added docs.

@aristath aristath requested a review from ntsekouras March 12, 2021 09:13
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cc @JustinyAhin for the docs in this PR 👍

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cc @JustinyAhin for the docs in this PR 👍

Docs look good to me.
Thank you for writing them :)

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I believe the docs covers everything.

@aristath aristath requested a review from mcsf March 12, 2021 11:45
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Though approved, I'd like some more feedback here before merging a change like this. It's important we get it right. 👍
I'll leave this open for a while, give everyone the opportunity to voice their opinion.

@aristath aristath marked this pull request as draft March 30, 2021 10:41
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aristath commented Mar 30, 2021

Converted to draft for now, after some discussion #30336 is simpler and more likely to land at this stage.

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Closing this one, #30336 was merged instead.

@aristath aristath closed this Apr 30, 2021
@aristath aristath deleted the add/skip-link branch April 30, 2021 09:02
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FSE: Add skip link
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