feat: Add closest point and distance computation to `SurfaceBounds` #26881

Job	Run time
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204, 20)	44m 7s
linux_ubuntu	50m 45s
linux_ubuntu_extra (ubuntu2204_clang, 20)	44m 14s
macos	29m 57s
linux_physmon	0s
linux_examples_test	0s
linux_physmon_perf_report	0s
	2h 49m 3s

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