Allow for js property inspection (rustwasm#1876)

* Add support for #[wasm_bindgen(inspectable)]

This annotation generates a `toJSON` and `toString` implementation for
generated JavaScript classes which display all readable properties
available via the class or its getters

This is useful because wasm-bindgen classes currently serialize to
display one value named `ptr`, which does not model the properties of
the struct in Rust

This annotation addresses rustwasm#1857

* Support console.log for inspectable attr in Nodejs

`#[wasm_bindgen(inspectable)]` now generates an implementation of
`[util.inspect.custom]` for the Node.js target only. This implementation
causes `console.log` and friends to yield the same class-style output,
but with all readable fields of the Rust struct displayed

* Reduce duplication in generated methods

Generated `toString` and `[util.inspect.custom]` methods now call
`toJSON` to reduce duplication

* Store module name in variable

crates/backend/src/ast.rs

@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ pub struct Struct {
     pub js_name: String,
     pub fields: Vec<StructField>,
     pub comments: Vec<String>,
+    pub is_inspectable: bool,
 }
 
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "extra-traits", derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq))]

crates/backend/src/encode.rs

@@ -306,6 +306,7 @@ fn shared_struct<'a>(s: &'a ast::Struct, intern: &'a Interner) -> Struct<'a> {
             .map(|s| shared_struct_field(s, intern))
             .collect(),
         comments: s.comments.iter().map(|s| &**s).collect(),
+        is_inspectable: s.is_inspectable,
     }
 }
 

crates/cli-support/src/js/mod.rs

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ pub struct ExportedClass {
     typescript: String,
     has_constructor: bool,
     wrap_needed: bool,
+    /// Whether to generate helper methods for inspecting the class
+    is_inspectable: bool,
+    /// All readable properties of the class
+    readable_properties: Vec<String>,
     /// Map from field name to type as a string plus whether it has a setter
     typescript_fields: HashMap<String, (String, bool)>,
 }
@@ -644,6 +648,54 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
             ));
         }
 
+        // If the class is inspectable, generate `toJSON` and `toString`
+        // to expose all readable properties of the class. Otherwise,
+        // the class shows only the "ptr" property when logged or serialized
+        if class.is_inspectable {
+            // Creates a `toJSON` method which returns an object of all readable properties
+            // This object looks like { a: this.a, b: this.b }
+            dst.push_str(&format!(
+                "
+                toJSON() {{
+                    return {{{}}};
+                }}
+
+                toString() {{
+                    return JSON.stringify(this);
+                }}
+                ",
+                class
+                    .readable_properties
+                    .iter()
+                    .fold(String::from("\n"), |fields, field_name| {
+                        format!("{}{name}: this.{name},\n", fields, name = field_name)
+                    })
+            ));
+
+            if self.config.mode.nodejs() {
+                // `util.inspect` must be imported in Node.js to define [inspect.custom]
+                let module_name = self.import_name(&JsImport {
+                    name: JsImportName::Module {
+                        module: "util".to_string(),
+                        name: "inspect".to_string(),
+                    },
+                    fields: Vec::new(),
+                })?;
+
+                // Node.js supports a custom inspect function to control the
+                // output of `console.log` and friends. The constructor is set
+                // to display the class name as a typical JavaScript class would
+                dst.push_str(&format!(
+                    "
+                    [{}.custom]() {{
+                        return Object.assign(Object.create({{constructor: this.constructor}}), this.toJSON());
+                    }}
+                    ",
+                    module_name
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
         dst.push_str(&format!(
             "
             free() {{
@@ -2723,6 +2775,7 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
     fn generate_struct(&mut self, struct_: &AuxStruct) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let class = require_class(&mut self.exported_classes, &struct_.name);
         class.comments = format_doc_comments(&struct_.comments, None);
+        class.is_inspectable = struct_.is_inspectable;
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -2975,6 +3028,7 @@ impl ExportedClass {
     /// generation is handled specially.
     fn push_getter(&mut self, docs: &str, field: &str, js: &str, ret_ty: &str) {
         self.push_accessor(docs, field, js, "get ", ret_ty);
+        self.readable_properties.push(field.to_string());
     }
 
     /// Used for adding a setter to a class, mainly to ensure that TypeScript

crates/cli-support/src/webidl/mod.rs

@@ -256,6 +256,8 @@ pub struct AuxStruct {
     pub name: String,
     /// The copied Rust comments to forward to JS
     pub comments: String,
+    /// Whether to generate helper methods for inspecting the class
+    pub is_inspectable: bool,
 }
 
 /// All possible types of imports that can be imported by a wasm module.
@@ -1238,6 +1240,7 @@ impl<'a> Context<'a> {
         let aux = AuxStruct {
             name: struct_.name.to_string(),
             comments: concatenate_comments(&struct_.comments),
+            is_inspectable: struct_.is_inspectable,
         };
         self.aux.structs.push(aux);
 

crates/macro-support/src/parser.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ macro_rules! attrgen {
             (readonly, Readonly(Span)),
             (js_name, JsName(Span, String, Span)),
             (js_class, JsClass(Span, String, Span)),
+            (inspectable, Inspectable(Span)),
             (is_type_of, IsTypeOf(Span, syn::Expr)),
             (extends, Extends(Span, syn::Path)),
             (vendor_prefix, VendorPrefix(Span, Ident)),
@@ -322,6 +323,7 @@ impl<'a> ConvertToAst<BindgenAttrs> for &'a mut syn::ItemStruct {
             .js_name()
             .map(|s| s.0.to_string())
             .unwrap_or(self.ident.to_string());
+        let is_inspectable = attrs.inspectable().is_some();
         for (i, field) in self.fields.iter_mut().enumerate() {
             match field.vis {
                 syn::Visibility::Public(..) => {}
@@ -361,6 +363,7 @@ impl<'a> ConvertToAst<BindgenAttrs> for &'a mut syn::ItemStruct {
             js_name,
             fields,
             comments,
+            is_inspectable,
         })
     }
 }

crates/shared/src/lib.rs

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ macro_rules! shared_api {
             name: &'a str,
             fields: Vec<StructField<'a>>,
             comments: Vec<&'a str>,
+            is_inspectable: bool,
         }
 
         struct StructField<'a> {

guide/src/reference/attributes/on-rust-exports/inspectable.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# `inspectable`
+
+By default, structs exported from Rust become JavaScript classes with a single `ptr` property. All other properties are implemented as getters, which are not displayed when calling `toJSON`.
+
+The `inspectable` attribute can be used on Rust structs to provide a `toJSON` and `toString` implementation that display all readable fields. For example:
+
+```rust
+#[wasm_bindgen(inspectable)]
+pub struct Baz {
+    pub field: i32,
+    private: i32,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl Baz {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(constructor)]
+    pub fn new(field: i32) -> Baz {
+        Baz { field, private: 13 }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Provides the following behavior as in this JavaScript snippet:
+
+```js
+const obj = new Baz(3);
+assert.deepStrictEqual(obj.toJSON(), { field: 3 });
+obj.field = 4;
+assert.strictEqual(obj.toString(), '{"field":4}');
+```
+
+One or both of these implementations can be overridden as desired. Note that the generated `toString` calls `toJSON` internally, so overriding `toJSON` will affect its output as a side effect.
+
+```rust
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl Baz {
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = toJSON)]
+    pub fn to_json(&self) -> i32 {
+        self.field
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = toString)]
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Baz: {}", self.field)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Note that the output of `console.log` will remain unchanged and display only the `ptr` field in browsers. It is recommended to call `toJSON` or `JSON.stringify` in these situations to aid with logging or debugging. Node.js does not suffer from this limitation, see the section below.
+
+## `inspectable` Classes in Node.js
+
+When the `nodejs` target is used, an additional `[util.inspect.custom]` implementation is provided which calls `toJSON` internally. This method is used for `console.log` and similar functions to display all readable fields of the Rust struct.

tests/wasm/classes.js

@@ -170,3 +170,51 @@ exports.js_test_option_classes = () => {
   assert.ok(c instanceof wasm.OptionClass);
   wasm.option_class_assert_some(c);
 };
+
+/**
+ * Invokes `console.log`, but logs to a string rather than stdout
+ * @param {any} data Data to pass to `console.log`
+ * @returns {string} Output from `console.log`, without color or trailing newlines
+ */
+const console_log_to_string = data => {
+    // Store the original stdout.write and create a console that logs without color
+    const original_write = process.stdout.write;
+    const colorless_console = new console.Console({
+      stdout: process.stdout,
+      colorMode: false
+    });
+    let output = '';
+
+    // Change stdout.write to append to our string, then restore the original function
+    process.stdout.write = chunk => output += chunk.trim();
+    colorless_console.log(data);
+    process.stdout.write = original_write;
+
+    return output;
+};
+
+exports.js_test_inspectable_classes = () => {
+    const inspectable = wasm.Inspectable.new();
+    const not_inspectable = wasm.NotInspectable.new();
+    // Inspectable classes have a toJSON and toString implementation generated
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(inspectable.toJSON(), { a: inspectable.a });
+    assert.strictEqual(inspectable.toString(), `{"a":${inspectable.a}}`);
+    // Inspectable classes in Node.js have improved console.log formatting as well
+    assert.strictEqual(console_log_to_string(inspectable), `Inspectable { a: ${inspectable.a} }`);
+    // Non-inspectable classes do not have a toJSON or toString generated
+    assert.strictEqual(not_inspectable.toJSON, undefined);
+    assert.strictEqual(not_inspectable.toString(), '[object Object]');
+    // Non-inspectable classes in Node.js have no special console.log formatting
+    assert.strictEqual(console_log_to_string(not_inspectable), `NotInspectable { ptr: ${not_inspectable.ptr} }`);
+    inspectable.free();
+    not_inspectable.free();
+};
+
+exports.js_test_inspectable_classes_can_override_generated_methods = () => {
+    const overridden_inspectable = wasm.OverriddenInspectable.new();
+    // Inspectable classes can have the generated toJSON and toString overwritten
+    assert.strictEqual(overridden_inspectable.a, 0);
+    assert.deepStrictEqual(overridden_inspectable.toJSON(), 'JSON was overwritten');
+    assert.strictEqual(overridden_inspectable.toString(), 'string was overwritten');
+    overridden_inspectable.free();
+};

tests/wasm/classes.rs

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ extern "C" {
     fn js_return_none2() -> Option<OptionClass>;
     fn js_return_some(a: OptionClass) -> Option<OptionClass>;
     fn js_test_option_classes();
+    fn js_test_inspectable_classes();
+    fn js_test_inspectable_classes_can_override_generated_methods();
 }
 
 #[wasm_bindgen_test]
@@ -489,3 +491,65 @@ mod works_in_module {
         pub fn foo(&self) {}
     }
 }
+
+#[wasm_bindgen_test]
+fn inspectable_classes() {
+    js_test_inspectable_classes();
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(inspectable)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Inspectable {
+    pub a: u32,
+    // This private field will not be exposed unless a getter is provided for it
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    private: u32,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl Inspectable {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct NotInspectable {
+    pub a: u32,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl NotInspectable {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen_test]
+fn inspectable_classes_can_override_generated_methods() {
+    js_test_inspectable_classes_can_override_generated_methods();
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen(inspectable)]
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct OverriddenInspectable {
+    pub a: u32,
+}
+
+#[wasm_bindgen]
+impl OverriddenInspectable {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = toJSON)]
+    pub fn to_json(&self) -> String {
+        String::from("JSON was overwritten")
+    }
+
+    #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = toString)]
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
+        String::from("string was overwritten")
+    }
+}