Use T::Storage::STORAGE_TYPE to optimize out unused branches (bevyeng…

…ine#6800)

# Objective
`EntityRef::get` and friends all type erase calls to fetch the target components by using passing in the `TypeId` instead of using generics. This is forcing a lookup to `Components` to fetch the storage type. This adds an extra memory lookup and forces a runtime branch instead of allowing the compiler to optimize out the unused branch.

## Solution
Leverage `Component::Storage::STORAGE_TYPE` as a constant instead of fetching the metadata from `Components`.

## Performance
This has a near 2x speedup for all calls to `World::get`. Microbenchmark results from my local machine. `Query::get_component`, which uses `EntityRef::get` internally also show a slight speed up. This has closed the gap between `World::get` and `Query::get` for the same use case.

```
group                                                             entity-ref-generics                     main
-----                                                             -------------------                     ----
query_get_component/50000_entities_sparse                         1.00   890.6±40.42µs        ? ?/sec     1.10   980.6±28.22µs        ? ?/sec
query_get_component/50000_entities_table                          1.00   968.5±73.73µs        ? ?/sec     1.08  1048.8±31.76µs        ? ?/sec
query_get_component_simple/system                                 1.00    703.2±4.37µs        ? ?/sec     1.00    702.1±6.13µs        ? ?/sec
query_get_component_simple/unchecked                              1.02    855.8±8.98µs        ? ?/sec     1.00    843.1±8.19µs        ? ?/sec
world_get/50000_entities_sparse                                   1.00    202.3±3.15µs        ? ?/sec     1.85   374.0±20.96µs        ? ?/sec
world_get/50000_entities_table                                    1.00    193.0±1.78µs        ? ?/sec     2.02   389.2±26.55µs        ? ?/sec
world_query_get/50000_entities_sparse                             1.01    162.4±2.23µs        ? ?/sec     1.00    161.3±0.95µs        ? ?/sec
world_query_get/50000_entities_table                              1.00    199.9±0.63µs        ? ?/sec     1.00    200.2±0.74µs        ? ?/sec
```

This should also, by proxy, speed up the `ReflectComponent` APIs as most of those use `World::get` variants internally.