[TEST] add windows vagrant boxes

Vagrant boxes now include options for windows server 2012r2 and server
2016. Since licensing prevents us from providing windows images, they're
only configured in vagrant if passed via environment variables. The
windows boxes aren't used in gradle's packaging tests yet.

For elastic#26741

TESTING.asciidoc

@@ -363,9 +363,17 @@ quality boxes available in vagrant atlas:
 
 * sles-11
 
-We're missing the following because our tests are very linux/bash centric:
+Windows boxes currently supported by the Vagrantfile (but not used in packaging
+tests yet) are
 
-* Windows Server 2012
+* windows-2012r2 for Windows Server 2012 R2
+* windows-2016 for Windows Server 2016
+
+Unfortunately, licensing issues prevent us from providing Windows boxes for
+public use. You can provide your own by setting the environment variables
+`VAGRANT_WINDOWS_2012R2_BOX` and/or `VAGRANT_WINDOWS_2016_BOX` with IDs of
+images that support remote connections through WinRM and remote Powershell
+sessions.
 
 It's important to think of VMs like cattle. If they become lame you just shoot
 them and let vagrant reprovision them. Say you've hosed your precise VM:

Vagrantfile

@@ -33,11 +33,15 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
     vbox.cpus = Integer(ENV['VAGRANT_CPUS'] || 4)
   end
 
+  # Vagrant and ruby stdlib expand '.' differently, so look for the build
+  # in the directory containing the Vagrantfile
+  vagrantfile_dir = File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)
+
   # Switch the default share for the project root from /vagrant to
   # /elasticsearch because /vagrant is confusing when there is a project inside
   # the elasticsearch project called vagrant....
-  config.vm.synced_folder '.', '/vagrant', disabled: true
-  config.vm.synced_folder '.', '/elasticsearch'
+  config.vm.synced_folder vagrantfile_dir, '/vagrant', disabled: true
+  config.vm.synced_folder vagrantfile_dir, '/elasticsearch'
 
   # Expose project directory. Note that VAGRANT_CWD may not be the same as Dir.pwd
   PROJECT_DIR = ENV['VAGRANT_PROJECT_DIR'] || Dir.pwd
@@ -121,6 +125,30 @@ Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
       sles_common config, box
     end
   end
+
+  windows_2012r2_box = ENV['VAGRANT_WINDOWS_2012R2_BOX']
+  if windows_2012r2_box && windows_2012r2_box.empty? == false
+    'windows-2012r2'.tap do |box|
+      config.vm.define box, define_opts do |config|
+        config.vm.box = windows_2012r2_box
+        windows_common config, box
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  windows_2016_box = ENV['VAGRANT_WINDOWS_2016_BOX']
+  if windows_2016_box && windows_2016_box.empty? == false
+    'windows-2016'.tap do |box|
+      config.vm.define box, define_opts do |config|
+        config.vm.box = windows_2016_box
+        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx
+        config.vm.provision 'enable long paths', type: 'shell', inline: <<-SHELL
+          Set-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control/Filesystem/" -Name "LongPathsEnabled" -Value 1
+        SHELL
+        windows_common config, box
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end
 
 def deb_common(config, name, extra: '')
@@ -351,3 +379,121 @@ SUDOERS_VARS
     chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/elasticsearch_vars
   SHELL
 end
+
+def windows_common(config, name)
+  config.vm.provision 'markerfile', type: 'shell', inline: <<-SHELL
+    $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+    New-Item C:/is_vagrant_vm -ItemType file -Force | Out-Null
+  SHELL
+
+  config.vm.provision 'clean es installs in tmp', run: 'always', type: 'shell', inline: <<-SHELL
+    Remove-Item -Recurse -Force C:\\tmp\\elasticsearch*
+  SHELL
+
+  config.vm.provision 'set prompt', type: 'shell', inline: <<-SHELL
+    $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+    $ps_prompt = 'function Prompt { "#{name}:$($ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.CurrentLocation)>" }'
+    $ps_prompt | Out-File $PsHome/Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1
+  SHELL
+
+  # Windows' system APIs limit paths to 260 characters. In server 2016 we can raise this limit,
+  # (see LongPathsEnabled above) but not in server 2012r2. This adds a powershell module that has basic
+  # copy and delete command that can handle long paths
+  config.vm.provision 'long path shim module', type: 'shell' do |s|
+    s.privileged = false
+    s.inline = <<-SHELL
+      $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+      $longPathScript = @'
+#{powershell_long_path_module}
+'@
+      $ModuleDir = "C:/Users/vagrant/Documents/WindowsPowerShell/Modules/LongPathShims"
+      $ModuleFile = "$ModuleDir/LongPathShims.psm1"
+      if (-Not (Test-Path "$ModuleDir")) {
+        New-Item "$ModuleDir" -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
+      }
+      $longPathScript | Out-File "$ModuleFile"
+    SHELL
+  end
+
+  powershell_install_deps config
+end
+
+# Powershell's filesystem commands cannot handle long paths by default. This module implements
+# the required commands by calling Robocopy [1], a Windows system utility for moving files around
+# that can handle long paths by default. Robocopy returns unusual exit codes [2] so we call it in
+# a wrapper that converts them to what we'd normally expect.
+#
+# The Remove-Long-Path function works by syncing the contents of an empty directory to the
+# delete target, which has the effect of recursively deleting it.
+#
+# [1] https://ss64.com/nt/robocopy.html
+# [2] https://ss64.com/nt/robocopy-exit.html
+def powershell_long_path_module
+  <<-SHELL
+    function Copy-Long-Path {
+      param(
+        [string]$Source,
+        [string]$Destination
+      )
+
+      robocopy "$Source" "$Destination" /E /COPY:DT /DCOPY:T /NFL /NDL /NJH /NJS /NC /NS /NP
+      Handle-Robocopy-Exit-Code $LASTEXITCODE
+    }
+
+    function Remove-Long-Path {
+      param(
+        [string]$Target
+      )
+
+      $EmptyDir = "C:\\intentionally_empty"
+
+      try {
+        New-Item "$EmptyDir" -ItemType Directory | Out-Null
+        # There doesn't appear to be a way to silence output about files that are purged,
+        # so just sent it to null as writing it to the terminal is very slow
+        robocopy "$EmptyDir" "$Target" /PURGE /NFL /NDL /NJH /NJS /NC /NS /NP | Out-Null
+        $RobocopyExitCode = $LASTEXITCODE
+        Remove-Item "$Target" -Recurse
+        Handle-Robocopy-Exit-Code $RobocopyExitCode
+      } finally {
+        Remove-Item "$EmptyDir" -Recurse
+      }
+    }
+
+    function Handle-Robocopy-Exit-Code {
+      param(
+        [int]$ExitCode
+      )
+
+      Write-Verbose "robocopy returned exit code $ExitCode"
+      if ($ExitCode -ge 7) {
+        Write-Error "robocopy encountered an error and returned exit code $ExitCode"
+      }
+    }
+  SHELL
+end
+
+# Just check that java is installed - when other dependencies are needed
+# in the future, this is where they'll go
+def powershell_install_deps(config)
+  config.vm.provision 'install deps', type: 'shell', inline: <<-SHELL
+    $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+    function Installed {
+      Param(
+        [string]$command
+      )
+
+      try {
+        Get-Command $command
+        return $true
+      } catch {
+        return $false
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (-Not (Installed java)) {
+      Write-Error "java is not installed"
+    }
+  SHELL
+end