GH-45183: [C++][Release] Add llvm-dev back to setup-ubuntu.sh

[amoeba]

Rationale for this change

Fixes verification nightly jobs. See #45183.

What changes are included in this PR?

Updates dev/release/setup-ubuntu.sh to re-add llvm-dev as an installed package.

Are these changes tested?

Yes, locally (via archery docker run....)

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

Closes #45183

• GitHub Issue: [C++][Release] Linux nightly verification jobs failing with Could NOT find LLVMAlt #45183

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #45183 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[amoeba]

@github-actions crossbow submit verify-rc-*

[github-actions]

Revision: 1e0a19d

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-cd6f8ed57c

Task	Status
verify-rc-binaries-apt-linux-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-binary-linux-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-jars-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-jars-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-jars-linux-ubuntu-20.04-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-jars-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-wheels-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-wheels-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-wheels-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-wheels-macos-13-amd64
verify-rc-binaries-wheels-macos-14-arm64
verify-rc-binaries-wheels-windows
verify-rc-binaries-yum-linux-amd64
verify-rc-source-cpp-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-source-cpp-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-source-cpp-linux-ubuntu-20.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-cpp-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-cpp-macos-amd64
verify-rc-source-cpp-macos-arm64
verify-rc-source-cpp-macos-conda-amd64
verify-rc-source-csharp-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-source-csharp-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-source-csharp-linux-ubuntu-20.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-csharp-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-csharp-macos-amd64
verify-rc-source-csharp-macos-arm64
verify-rc-source-integration-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-source-integration-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-source-integration-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-integration-macos-amd64
verify-rc-source-integration-macos-arm64
verify-rc-source-integration-macos-conda-amd64
verify-rc-source-js-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-source-js-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-source-js-linux-ubuntu-20.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-js-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-js-macos-amd64
verify-rc-source-js-macos-arm64
verify-rc-source-python-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-source-python-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-source-python-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-python-macos-amd64
verify-rc-source-python-macos-arm64
verify-rc-source-python-macos-conda-amd64
verify-rc-source-ruby-linux-almalinux-8-amd64
verify-rc-source-ruby-linux-conda-latest-amd64
verify-rc-source-ruby-linux-ubuntu-20.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-ruby-linux-ubuntu-22.04-amd64
verify-rc-source-ruby-macos-amd64
verify-rc-source-ruby-macos-arm64
verify-rc-source-windows

[kou]

+1

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 4 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 777797e.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 9 possible false positives for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.