ci: sync workflow w/ paramedic

[erisu]

Platforms affected

n/a

Motivation and Context

Update CI Workflow

Description

Updated:

• Dependencies
• Android test matrix
• iOS test matrix
• Use linux & enable KVM
• Use node 20
• Java 17

Testing

n/a

Checklist

• I've run the tests to see all new and existing tests pass
• I added automated test coverage as appropriate for this change
• Commit is prefixed with (platform) if this change only applies to one platform (e.g. (android))
• If this Pull Request resolves an issue, I linked to the issue in the text above (and used the correct keyword to close issues using keywords)
• I've updated the documentation if necessary