fix: Updating Dockerfile to work with updated python requirements.

[craig-rueda]

SUMMARY

Recently, a change to Python's requirements files was made which introduced pip-compile-multi. This change moves all of the requirements*.txt files to a requirements folder located in the root of the repo. This change fixes up the Dockerfile to work correctly around this.

• Updates the Dockerfile to work properly
• Adds new requirements file for (local) docker images
• Adds CI check to validate the Dockerfile

Fixes #10149

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #10550 into master will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #10550      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   63.70%   63.69%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         767      767              
  Lines       36283    36283              
  Branches     3430     3430              
==========================================
- Hits        23115    23109       -6     
- Misses      13054    13057       +3     
- Partials      114      117       +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
#cypress	54.12% <ø> (-0.20%)	⬇️
#javascript	59.88% <ø> (ø)
#python	59.31% <ø> (ø)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...et-frontend/src/SqlLab/reducers/getInitialState.js	33.33% <0.00%> (-16.67%)	⬇️
...rontend/src/SqlLab/components/TabbedSqlEditors.jsx	77.27% <0.00%> (-5.20%)	⬇️
...rontend/src/SqlLab/components/SqlEditorLeftBar.jsx	44.00% <0.00%> (-4.00%)	⬇️
...end/src/SqlLab/components/TemplateParamsEditor.jsx	88.57% <0.00%> (-2.86%)	⬇️
superset-frontend/src/SqlLab/actions/sqlLab.js	60.25% <0.00%> (-2.36%)	⬇️
superset-frontend/src/SqlLab/reducers/sqlLab.js	37.75% <0.00%> (-1.66%)	⬇️
...erset-frontend/src/SqlLab/components/SqlEditor.jsx	52.12% <0.00%> (-1.22%)	⬇️
...rontend/src/SqlLab/components/AceEditorWrapper.tsx	55.91% <0.00%> (-1.08%)	⬇️
...t-frontend/src/dashboard/actions/dashboardState.js	59.33% <0.00%> (+1.33%)	⬆️
.../src/dashboard/components/gridComponents/Chart.jsx	84.94% <0.00%> (+2.15%)	⬆️
... and 2 more

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