Use atomic write when persisting cache #24885

Job	Run time
Determine changes	8s
pre-commit	53s
mkdocs	2m 23s
cargo fmt	12s
python package	1m 28s
benchmarks	7m 14s
cargo fuzz	4m 43s
cargo clippy	2m 5s
cargo test (linux)	4m 6s
cargo test (wasm)	1m 25s
cargo test (windows)	5m 54s
cargo udeps	2m 5s
formatter instabilities and black similarity	0s
test scripts	59s
ecosystem	8m 23s
test ruff-lsp	17s
	42m 15s

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