Update Indexer to use new f-string tokens (#7325)

## Summary

This PR updates the `Indexer` to use the new f-string tokens to compute
the `f_string_ranges` for f-strings. It adds a new abstraction which
exposes two methods to support extracting the range for the surrounding
innermost and outermost f-string. It uses the builder pattern to build
the f-string ranges which is similar to how the comment ranges are
built.

## Test Plan

Add new test cases for f-strings for:
* Tab indentation rule
* Line continuation detection in the indexer
* To get the innermost / outermost f-string range
* All detected f-string ranges

fixes: #7290

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/pycodestyle/W19.py

@@ -152,3 +152,11 @@ def test_keys(self):
 	multiline string with tab in it, different lines
 '''
 "	single line string with tab in it"
+
+f"test{
+	tab_indented_should_be_flagged
+}	<- this tab is fine"
+
+f"""test{
+	tab_indented_should_be_flagged
+}	<- this tab is fine"""

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/mod.rs

@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ impl<'a> Checker<'a> {
 
         // Find the quote character used to start the containing f-string.
         let expr = self.semantic.current_expression()?;
-        let string_range = self.indexer.f_string_range(expr.start())?;
+        let string_range = self.indexer.fstring_ranges().innermost(expr.start())?;
         let trailing_quote = trailing_quote(self.locator.slice(string_range))?;
 
         // Invert the quote character, if it's a single quote.

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/pycodestyle/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__pycodestyle__tests__W191_W19.py.snap

@@ -349,4 +349,20 @@ W19.py:146:1: W191 Indentation contains tabs
 148 | #: W191 - okay
     |
 
+W19.py:157:1: W191 Indentation contains tabs
+    |
+156 | f"test{
+157 |     tab_indented_should_be_flagged
+    | ^^^^ W191
+158 | }   <- this tab is fine"
+    |
+
+W19.py:161:1: W191 Indentation contains tabs
+    |
+160 | f"""test{
+161 |     tab_indented_should_be_flagged
+    | ^^^^ W191
+162 | }   <- this tab is fine"""
+    |
+
 

crates/ruff_python_index/src/fstring_ranges.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+
+use ruff_python_parser::Tok;
+use ruff_text_size::{TextRange, TextSize};
+
+/// Stores the ranges of all f-strings in a file sorted by [`TextRange::start`].
+/// There can be multiple overlapping ranges for nested f-strings.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FStringRanges {
+    raw: BTreeMap<TextSize, TextRange>,
+}
+
+impl FStringRanges {
+    /// Return the [`TextRange`] of the innermost f-string at the given offset.
+    pub fn innermost(&self, offset: TextSize) -> Option<TextRange> {
+        self.raw
+            .range(..=offset)
+            .rev()
+            .find(|(_, range)| range.contains(offset))
+            .map(|(_, range)| *range)
+    }
+
+    /// Return the [`TextRange`] of the outermost f-string at the given offset.
+    pub fn outermost(&self, offset: TextSize) -> Option<TextRange> {
+        // Explanation of the algorithm:
+        //
+        // ```python
+        // #                                                     v
+        //   f"normal" f"another" f"first {f"second {f"third"} second"} first"
+        // #                                         ^^(1)^^^
+        // #                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^(2)^^^^^^^^^^^^
+        // #                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^(3)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+        // #           ^^^(4)^^^^
+        // # ^^^(5)^^^
+        // ```
+        //
+        // The offset is marked with a `v` and the ranges are numbered in the order
+        // they are yielded by the iterator in the reverse order. The algorithm
+        // works as follows:
+        //   1. Skip all ranges that don't contain the offset (1).
+        //   2. Take all ranges that contain the offset (2, 3).
+        //   3. Stop taking ranges when the offset is no longer contained.
+        //   4. Take the last range that contained the offset (3, the outermost).
+        self.raw
+            .range(..=offset)
+            .rev()
+            .skip_while(|(_, range)| !range.contains(offset))
+            .take_while(|(_, range)| range.contains(offset))
+            .last()
+            .map(|(_, range)| *range)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn ranges(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = TextRange> + '_ {
+        self.raw.values().copied()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct FStringRangesBuilder {
+    start_locations: Vec<TextSize>,
+    raw: BTreeMap<TextSize, TextRange>,
+}
+
+impl FStringRangesBuilder {
+    pub(crate) fn visit_token(&mut self, token: &Tok, range: TextRange) {
+        match token {
+            Tok::FStringStart => {
+                self.start_locations.push(range.start());
+            }
+            Tok::FStringEnd => {
+                if let Some(start) = self.start_locations.pop() {
+                    self.raw.insert(start, TextRange::new(start, range.end()));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn finish(self) -> FStringRanges {
+        debug_assert!(self.start_locations.is_empty());
+        FStringRanges { raw: self.raw }
+    }
+}