[red-knot] fix lookup of nonlocal names in deferred annotations

[carljm]

Initially I had deferred annotation name lookups reuse the "public symbol type", since that gives the correct "from end of scope" view of reaching definitions that we want. But there is a key difference; public symbol types are based only on definitions in the queried scope (or "name in the given namespace" in runtime terms), they don't ever look up a name in nonlocal/global/builtin scopes. Deferred annotation resolution should do this lookup.

Add a test, and fix deferred name resolution to support nonlocal/global/builtin names.

Fixes #13176

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #13236 will not alter performance

_{Comparing cjm/deferred-lookup (5260214) with main (e965f9c)}

Summary

✅ 32 untouched benchmarks

[github-actions]

ruff-ecosystem results

Linter (stable)

✅ ecosystem check detected no linter changes.

Linter (preview)

✅ ecosystem check detected no linter changes.