feat: throw ValidationError instead of untyped errors in L1s (#33032)

### Issue 

All L1s for #32569 

### Description of changes

Updated the codegen to throw the correct error.
Instead of
```ts
throw new Error("Unexpected IResolvable");
```
we now throw

```ts
throw new errors.ValidationError("Unexpected IResolvable", scope);
```

### Describe any new or updated permissions being added

n/a

### Description of how you validated changes

Existing tests. Exemptions granted as this is basically a refactor of existing code.

### Checklist
- [x] My code adheres to the [CONTRIBUTING GUIDE](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [DESIGN GUIDELINES](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/docs/DESIGN_GUIDELINES.md)

----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

tools/@aws-cdk/spec2cdk/lib/cdk/ast.ts

@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ export class AstBuilder<T extends Module> {
     CDK_CORE.import(this.module, 'cdk', { fromLocation: props.importLocations?.core });
     CONSTRUCTS.import(this.module, 'constructs');
     CDK_CORE.helpers.import(this.module, 'cfn_parse', { fromLocation: props.importLocations?.coreHelpers });
+    CDK_CORE.errors.import(this.module, 'cdk_errors', { fromLocation: props.importLocations?.coreErrors });
   }
 
   public addResource(resource: Resource) {

tools/@aws-cdk/spec2cdk/lib/cdk/cdk.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ export interface ModuleImportLocations {
    * @default 'aws-cdk-lib/core/lib/helpers-internal'
    */
   readonly coreHelpers?: string;
-
+  /**
+   * The import name used to import core errors module
+   * @default 'aws-cdk-lib/core/lib/errors'
+   */
+  readonly coreErrors?: string;
   /**
    * The import name used to import the CloudWatch module
    *
@@ -22,6 +26,7 @@ export interface ModuleImportLocations {
 
 export class CdkCore extends ExternalModule {
   public readonly helpers = new CdkInternalHelpers(this);
+  public readonly errors = new CdkErrors(this);
 
   public readonly CfnResource = Type.fromName(this, 'CfnResource');
   public readonly Resource = $T(Type.fromName(this, 'Resource'));
@@ -93,6 +98,14 @@ export class CdkInternalHelpers extends ExternalModule {
   }
 }
 
+export class CdkErrors extends ExternalModule {
+  public readonly ValidationError = Type.fromName(this, 'ValidationError');
+
+  constructor(parent: CdkCore) {
+    super(`${parent.fqn}/core/lib/errors`);
+  }
+}
+
 export class Constructs extends ExternalModule {
   public readonly Construct = Type.fromName(this, 'Construct');
   public readonly IConstruct = Type.fromName(this, 'IConstruct');

tools/@aws-cdk/spec2cdk/lib/cdk/resource-class.ts

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ export class ResourceClass extends ClassType {
       stmt.constVar(propsResult, reverseMapper.call(resourceProperties)),
       stmt
         .if_(CDK_CORE.isResolvableObject(propsResult.value))
-        .then(stmt.block(stmt.throw_(Type.ambient('Error').newInstance(expr.lit('Unexpected IResolvable'))))),
+        .then(stmt.block(stmt.throw_(CDK_CORE.errors.ValidationError.newInstance(expr.lit('Unexpected IResolvable'), scope)))),
       stmt.constVar(ret, this.newInstance(scope, id, propsResult.value)),
     );
 

tools/@aws-cdk/spec2cdk/lib/cfn2ts/index.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import * as fs from 'fs-extra';
 import * as pLimit from 'p-limit';
 import * as pkglint from './pkglint';
 import { CodeGeneratorOptions, GenerateAllOptions, ModuleMap } from './types';
+import type { ModuleImportLocations } from '../cdk/cdk';
 import { generate as generateModules } from '../generate';
 import { log } from '../util';
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ export default async function generate(
       importLocations: {
         core: coreImport,
         coreHelpers: `${coreImport}/${coreImport === '.' ? '' : 'lib/'}helpers-internal`,
+        coreErrors: `${coreImport}/${coreImport === '.' ? '' : 'lib/'}errors`,
       },
     },
   );
@@ -132,9 +134,10 @@ export async function generateAll(
   }
 
   const coreModule = 'core';
-  const coreImportLocations = {
+  const coreImportLocations: ModuleImportLocations = {
     core: '.',
     coreHelpers: './helpers-internal',
+    coreErrors: './errors',
   };
 
   const generated = await generateModules(
@@ -159,6 +162,7 @@ export async function generateAll(
       importLocations: {
         core: options.coreImport,
         coreHelpers: `${options.coreImport}/lib/helpers-internal`,
+        coreErrors: `${options.coreImport}/lib/errors`,
         cloudwatch: options.cloudwatchImport,
       },
     },