chore(toolkit): all error messages must have a code (#33317)

### Reason for this change

We want errors to always have a defined non-default message code. This way an integrator can target errors individually. 

### Description of changes

Change the helper method for error messages to require a code.

### Describe any new or updated permissions being added

n/a

### Description of how you validated changes

n/a this is a refactor, enforcing a new rule at compile time

### Checklist
- [x] My code adheres to the [CONTRIBUTING GUIDE](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [DESIGN GUIDELINES](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/docs/DESIGN_GUIDELINES.md)

----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit/lib/api/io/private/codes.ts

@@ -14,13 +14,21 @@ export const CODES = {
   CDK_TOOLKIT_I5060: 'Confirm deploy security sensitive changes',
   CDK_TOOLKIT_I5900: 'Deployment results on success',
 
+  CDK_TOOLKIT_E5001: 'No stacks found',
+
   // Rollback
   CDK_TOOLKIT_I6000: 'Provides rollback times',
 
+  CDK_TOOLKIT_E6001: 'No stacks found',
+  CDK_TOOLKIT_E6900: 'Rollback failed',
+
   // Destroy
   CDK_TOOLKIT_I7000: 'Provides destroy times',
   CDK_TOOLKIT_I7010: 'Confirm destroy stacks',
 
+  CDK_TOOLKIT_E7010: 'Action was aborted due to negative confirmation of request',
+  CDK_TOOLKIT_E7900: 'Stack deletion failed',
+
   // Assembly codes
   CDK_ASSEMBLY_I0042: 'Writing updated context',
   CDK_ASSEMBLY_I0241: 'Fetching missing context',

packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit/lib/api/io/private/messages.ts

@@ -65,8 +65,9 @@ export const prompt = <T, U>(code: VALID_CODE, message: string, defaultResponse:
 
 /**
  * Creates an error level message.
+ * Errors must always have a unique code.
  */
-export const error = <T>(message: string, code?: VALID_CODE, payload?: T) => {
+export const error = <T>(message: string, code: VALID_CODE, payload?: T) => {
   return formatMessage({
     level: 'error',
     code,

packages/@aws-cdk/toolkit/lib/toolkit/toolkit.ts

@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder implements AsyncDisposab
     const synthDuration = await synthTimer.endAs(ioHost, 'synth');
 
     if (stackCollection.stackCount === 0) {
-      await ioHost.notify(error('This app contains no stacks'));
+      await ioHost.notify(error('This app contains no stacks', 'CDK_TOOLKIT_E5001'));
       return;
     }
 
@@ -648,7 +648,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder implements AsyncDisposab
     await synthTimer.endAs(ioHost, 'synth');
 
     if (stacks.stackCount === 0) {
-      await ioHost.notify(error('No stacks selected'));
+      await ioHost.notify(error('No stacks selected', 'CDK_TOOLKIT_E6001'));
       return;
     }
 
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder implements AsyncDisposab
         }
         await rollbackTimer.endAs(ioHost, 'rollback');
       } catch (e: any) {
-        await ioHost.notify(error(`\n ❌  ${chalk.bold(stack.displayName)} failed: ${formatErrorMessage(e)}`));
+        await ioHost.notify(error(`\n ❌  ${chalk.bold(stack.displayName)} failed: ${formatErrorMessage(e)}`, 'CDK_TOOLKIT_E6900'));
         throw new ToolkitError('Rollback failed (use --force to orphan failing resources)');
       }
     }
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder implements AsyncDisposab
     const question = `Are you sure you want to delete: ${chalk.red(stacks.hierarchicalIds.join(', '))}`;
     const confirmed = await ioHost.requestResponse(confirm('CDK_TOOLKIT_I7010', question, motivation, true));
     if (!confirmed) {
-      return ioHost.notify(error('Aborted by user'));
+      return ioHost.notify(error('Aborted by user', 'CDK_TOOLKIT_E7010'));
     }
 
     const destroyTimer = Timer.start();
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ export class Toolkit extends CloudAssemblySourceBuilder implements AsyncDisposab
           });
           await ioHost.notify(success(`\n ✅  ${chalk.blue(stack.displayName)}: ${action}ed`));
         } catch (e) {
-          await ioHost.notify(error(`\n ❌  ${chalk.blue(stack.displayName)}: ${action} failed ${e}`));
+          await ioHost.notify(error(`\n ❌  ${chalk.blue(stack.displayName)}: ${action} failed ${e}`, 'CDK_TOOLKIT_E7900'));
           throw e;
         }
       }