Introduce strongly-typed strings, starting with TargetTriple

As discussed, for the price of having to think about `TargetTriple` (like `String`)
vs `&TargetTripleRef` (like `&str`), we get:

  * No accidentally passing some other kind of string to a thing expecting a `TargetTriple`
  * Serialization/deserialization is still transparent, no schema changes or anything
  * We can add methods to it (like `is_windows()` in this PR - note that I dream of a `ParsedTargetTriple` in a separate PR)
  * Those methods are the only place where we check properties of the string
    (before this commit, we have `.contains("windows")` and `.contains("pc-windows")` for example)
  * We can "find all references" to the type itself ("where do we care about targets?")
  * We can "find all references" to `TargetTriple::new` ("where do we build targets from strings?")
  * We can "find all references" to `TargetTripleRef::as_str` ("where do we coerce it back
    into a string to pass it to a tool like cargo/wix/etc.)

That kind of change is invaluable for me when working on cross-compilation
support, and I suspect it will be invaluable for any current and future
maintainers of cargo-dist as well (I've used it with great success in other
large codebases).

You can still treat `TargetTriple` as a string, but it'll be uglier (on purpose).

There is however, some ugliness that isn't on purpose. In this changeset I
discovered some annoyances around `.iter()` (which returns an `Iterator<Item = &TargetTriple>`
instead of an `Iterator<Item = &TargetTripleRef>`. I've added `.as_explicit_ref` to work
around those cases.

Similarly, calling `Vec<TargetTriple>::contains()` with a `&TargetTripleRef` doesn't
work (and you cannot convert a `&TargetTripleRef` into a `&TargetTriple`, the same way
you cannot convert a `&str` back into a `&String` - you don't know where it's allocated
from!).

Finally, I ran into <rust-lang/rfcs#1445> while making this
change: there was a big `match` for converting target triples to their display names,
and although that works with `&str` constants, it doesn't work with `&TargetTripleRef`
constants, due to Rust limitations right now. That explains the lazy_static (which
we already depended on transitively, so at least that). I would've used `LazyLock`
but our MSRV is currently 1.79 and LazyLock is since 1.80 :(

Cargo.toml

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ schemars = "0.8.21"
 serde_yml = "0.0.10"
 spdx = "0.10.6"
 base64 = "0.22.1"
+lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 
 [workspace.metadata.release]
 shared-version = true

axoproject/src/lib.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ pub mod generic;
 #[cfg(feature = "npm-projects")]
 pub mod javascript;
 pub mod local_repo;
-pub mod platforms;
 mod repo;
 #[cfg(feature = "cargo-projects")]
 pub mod rust;

cargo-dist-schema/src/lib.rs

@@ -8,12 +8,69 @@
 //!
 //! The root type of the schema is [`DistManifest`][].
 
+pub mod macros;
+
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 use schemars::JsonSchema;
 use semver::Version;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
+declare_strongly_typed_string! {
+    /// A rust target-triple (e.g. "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc")
+    pub struct TargetTriple => &TargetTripleRef;
+}
+
+impl TargetTripleRef {
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to a musl target
+    pub fn is_musl(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("musl")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to a Linux target
+    pub fn is_linux(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("linux")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to an Apple target
+    pub fn is_apple(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("apple")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to a Darwin target
+    pub fn is_darwin(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("darwin")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to a Windows target
+    pub fn is_windows(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("windows")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to an Intel Apple target
+    pub fn is_x86_64(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("x86_64")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to an ARM  target
+    pub fn is_aarch64(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("aarch64")
+    }
+
+    //---------------------------
+    // common combinations
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to a Linux target with MUSL libc
+    pub fn is_linux_musl(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("linux-musl")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this target triple refers to a Windows target with MSVC CRT
+    pub fn is_windows_msvc(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.contains("windows-msvc")
+    }
+}
+
 /// A local system path on the machine cargo-dist was run.
 ///
 /// This is a String because when deserializing this may be a path format from a different OS!
@@ -176,7 +233,7 @@ pub struct AssetInfo {
     /// * length 0: not a meaningful question, maybe some static file
     /// * length 1: typical of binaries
     /// * length 2+: some kind of universal binary
-    pub target_triples: Vec<String>,
+    pub target_triples: Vec<TargetTriple>,
     /// the linkage of this Asset
     pub linkage: Option<Linkage>,
 }
@@ -346,7 +403,7 @@ pub struct Artifact {
     /// The target triple of the bundle
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
     #[serde(default)]
-    pub target_triples: Vec<String>,
+    pub target_triples: Vec<TargetTriple>,
     /// The location of the artifact on the local system
     #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     #[serde(default)]