[PM-15096] Add xchacha20-poly1305-blake3-ctx cipher

[quexten]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-15096

📔 Objective

Add a cryptofunction implementation for xchacha20-poly1305. Specifically, in order to prevent attacks making use of the lack of key-comitting, we implement ctx wrapping based on https://eprint.iacr.org/2022/1260.pdf using blake3, which creates a new mac that binds to all inputs (nonce, key, ad, ad tag), and by injectivity, also plaintext/ciphertext.

Note: There is no encstring implementation yet. The idea is for encstrings and for other protocols (IPC in rust?) to make use of this safe primitive.

Note: This is behind a compile-time feature flag for now.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation
  team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed
  issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 941ab020-acbb-4fe2-b5a8-46a75fe81365

Great job, no security vulnerabilities found in this Pull Request

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 65.68%. Comparing base (c9a0295) to head (0a77ae5).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #41      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   65.24%   65.68%   +0.44%     
==========================================
  Files         181      182       +1     
  Lines       13821    13981     +160     
==========================================
+ Hits         9018     9184     +166     
+ Misses       4803     4797       -6     

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[quexten]

Do we want different errors here, or should all be the same? (in the latter case, it might need to be a new generic "symmetricdecryptionfailed"). In other contexts i might be concerned about the error being usable as an oracle (this is the case in some RSA implementations), but I do not think it is here.