Simplify run_inference_algorithm

[reubenharry]

The run_inference_algorithm code currently has a mode to incrementally compute a value (e.g. an incremental expectation), which saves memory. This PR presents a cleaner (and in my opinion, more functional) version of the code. The core idea is that to incrementally compute an expectation, the right thing to do is to modify the kernel, and then pass that kernel to run_inference_algorithm, rather than modify run_inference_algorithm. As part of this change, we also let transform be a general function on (state, info), which allows information from the info to be used (which we have needed).

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 96.77419% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 98.73%. Comparing base (20666de) to head (90e5743).
Report is 13 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
blackjax/util.py	96.55%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #714      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   98.72%   98.73%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          59       59              
  Lines        2746     2776      +30     
==========================================
+ Hits         2711     2741      +30     
  Misses         35       35              

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[junpenglao]

Some nits

[junpenglao]

Thanks!! Could you please update the usage in sampling book?