Associate users with permissions and roles

This package allows you to manage user permissions and roles in a database.

Once installed you can do stuff like this:

// Adding permissions to a user
$user->givePermissionTo('edit articles');

// Adding permissions via a role
$user->assignRole('writer');

$role->givePermissionTo('edit articles');

If you're using multiple guards we've got you covered as well. Every guard will have its own set of permissions and roles that can be assigned to the guard's users. Read about it in the using multiple guards section of the readme.

Because all permissions will be registered on Laravel's gate, you can test if a user has a permission with Laravel's default can function:

$user->can('edit articles');

Spatie is webdesign agency in Antwerp, Belgium. You'll find an overview of all our open source projects on our website.

Postcardware

You're free to use this package (it's MIT-licensed), but if it makes it to your production environment we highly appreciate you sending us a postcard from your hometown, mentioning which of our package(s) you are using.

Our address is: Spatie, Samberstraat 69D, 2060 Antwerp, Belgium.

All received postcards are published on our website.

Installation

This package can be used in Laravel 5.4 or higher. If you are using an older version of Laravel, take a look at the v1 branch of this package.

You can install the package via composer:

composer require spatie/laravel-permission

In Laravel 5.5 the service provider will automatically get registered. In older versions of the framework just add the service provider in config/app.php file:

'providers' => [
    // ...
    Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider::class,
];

You can publish the migration with:

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider" --tag="migrations"

After the migration has been published you can create the role- and permission-tables by running the migrations:

php artisan migrate

You can publish the config file with:

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider" --tag="config"

When published, the config/permission.php config file contains:

return [

    'models' => [

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * Eloquent model should be used to retrieve your permissions. Of course, it
         * is often just the "Permission" model but you may use whatever you like.
         *
         * The model you want to use as a Permission model needs to implement the
         * `Spatie\Permission\Contracts\Permission` contract.
         */

        'permission' => Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission::class,

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * Eloquent model should be used to retrieve your roles. Of course, it
         * is often just the "Role" model but you may use whatever you like.
         *
         * The model you want to use as a Role model needs to implement the
         * `Spatie\Permission\Contracts\Role` contract.
         */

        'role' => Spatie\Permission\Models\Role::class,

    ],

    'table_names' => [

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * table should be used to retrieve your roles. We have chosen a basic
         * default value but you may easily change it to any table you like.
         */

        'roles' => 'roles',

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * table should be used to retrieve your permissions. We have chosen a basic
         * default value but you may easily change it to any table you like.
         */

        'permissions' => 'permissions',

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * table should be used to retrieve your models permissions. We have chosen a
         * basic default value but you may easily change it to any table you like.
         */

        'model_has_permissions' => 'model_has_permissions',

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * table should be used to retrieve your models roles. We have chosen a
         * basic default value but you may easily change it to any table you like.
         */

        'model_has_roles' => 'model_has_roles',

        /*
         * When using the "HasRoles" trait from this package, we need to know which
         * table should be used to retrieve your roles permissions. We have chosen a
         * basic default value but you may easily change it to any table you like.
         */

        'role_has_permissions' => 'role_has_permissions',
    ],

    /*
     * By default all permissions will be cached for 24 hours unless a permission or
     * role is updated. Then the cache will be flushed immediately.
     */

    'cache_expiration_time' => 60 * 24,

    /*
     * By default we'll make an entry in the application log when the permissions
     * could not be loaded. Normally this only occurs while installing the packages.
     *
     * If for some reason you want to disable that logging, set this value to false.
     */

    'log_registration_exception' => true,
];

Usage

First add the Spatie\Permission\Traits\HasRoles trait to your User model(s):

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Spatie\Permission\Traits\HasRoles;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasRoles;

    // ...
}

note that if you need to use HasRoles trait with another model ex.Page you will also need to add protected $guard_name = 'web'; as well to that model or you would get an error
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Spatie\Permission\Traits\HasRoles;

class Page extends Model
{
   use HasRoles;

   protected $guard_name = 'web'; // or whatever guard you want to use

   // ...
}

This package allows for users to be associated with permissions and roles. Every role is associated with multiple permissions. A Role and a Permission are regular Eloquent models. They require a name and can be created like this:

use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;

$role = Role::create(['name' => 'writer']);
$permission = Permission::create(['name' => 'edit articles']);

If you're using multiple guards the guard_name attribute needs to be set as well. Read about it in the using multiple guards section of the readme.

The HasRoles trait adds Eloquent relationships to your models, which can be accessed directly or used as a base query:

// get a list of all permissions directly assigned to the user
$permissions = $user->permissions;

// get all permissions inherited by the user via roles
$permissions = $user->getAllPermissions();

// get a collection of all defined roles
$roles = $user->getRoleNames(); // Returns a collection

The HasRoles trait also add a role scopes to your models to scope the query to certain roles or permissions:

$users = User::role('writer')->get(); // Returns only users with the role 'writer'

The role scope can accept a string, a \Spatie\Permission\Models\Role object or an \Illuminate\Support\Collection object.

The same trait also adds a scope to only get users that have a certain permission.

$users = User::permission('edit articles')->get(); // Returns only users with the permission 'edit articles' (inherited or directly)

The scope can accept a string, a \Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission object or an \Illuminate\Support\Collection object.

Using "direct" permissions (see below to use both roles and permissions)

A permission can be given to any user:

$user->givePermissionTo('edit articles');

// You can also give multiple permission at once
$user->givePermissionTo('edit articles', 'delete articles');

// You may also pass an array
$user->givePermissionTo(['edit articles', 'delete articles']);

A permission can be revoked from a user:

$user->revokePermissionTo('edit articles');

Or revoke & add new permissions in one go:

$user->syncPermissions(['edit articles', 'delete articles']);

You can test if a user has a permission:

$user->hasPermissionTo('edit articles');

...or if a user has multiple permissions:

$user->hasAnyPermission(['edit articles', 'publish articles', 'unpublish articles']);

Saved permissions will be registered with the Illuminate\Auth\Access\Gate class for the default guard. So you can test if a user has a permission with Laravel's default can function:

$user->can('edit articles');

Using permissions via roles

A role can be assigned to any user:

$user->assignRole('writer');

// You can also assign multiple roles at once
$user->assignRole('writer', 'admin');
// or as an array
$user->assignRole(['writer', 'admin']);

A role can be removed from a user:

$user->removeRole('writer');

Roles can also be synced:

// All current roles will be removed from the user and replaced by the array given
$user->syncRoles(['writer', 'admin']);

You can determine if a user has a certain role:

$user->hasRole('writer');

You can also determine if a user has any of a given list of roles:

$user->hasAnyRole(Role::all());

You can also determine if a user has all of a given list of roles:

$user->hasAllRoles(Role::all());

The assignRole, hasRole, hasAnyRole, hasAllRoles and removeRole functions can accept a string, a \Spatie\Permission\Models\Role object or an \Illuminate\Support\Collection object.

A permission can be given to a role:

$role->givePermissionTo('edit articles');

You can determine if a role has a certain permission:

$role->hasPermissionTo('edit articles');

A permission can be revoked from a role:

$role->revokePermissionTo('edit articles');

The givePermissionTo and revokePermissionTo functions can accept a string or a Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission object.

Permissions are inherited from roles automatically. Additionally, individual permissions can be assigned to the user too. For instance:

$role = Role::findByName('writer');
$role->givePermissionTo('edit articles');

$user->assignRole('writer');

$user->givePermissionTo('delete articles');

In the above example a role is given permission to edit articles and this role is assigned to a user. Now the user can edit articles and additionally delete articles. The permission of 'delete articles' is the user's direct permission because it is assigned directly to them. When we call $user->hasDirectPermission('delete articles') it returns true, but false for $user->hasDirectPermission('edit articles').

This method is useful if one builds a form for setting permissions for roles and users in an application and wants to restrict or change inherited permissions of roles of the user, i.e. allowing to change only direct permissions of the user.

You can list all of these permissions:

// Direct permissions
$user->getDirectPermissions() // Or $user->permissions;

// Permissions inherited from the user's roles
$user->getPermissionsViaRoles();

// All permissions which apply on the user (inherited and direct)
$user->getAllPermissions();

All these responses are collections of Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission objects.

If we follow the previous example, the first response will be a collection with the 'delete article' permission, the second will be a collection with the 'edit article' permission and the third will contain both.

Using Blade directives

This package also adds Blade directives to verify whether the currently logged in user has all or any of a given list of roles.

Optionally you can pass in the guard that the check will be performed on as a second argument.

Blade and Roles

Test for a specific role:

@role('writer')
    I am a writer!
@else
    I am not a writer...
@endrole

is the same as

@hasrole('writer')
    I am a writer!
@else
    I am not a writer...
@endhasrole

Test for any role in a list:

@hasanyrole(Role::all())
    I have one or more of these roles!
@else
    I have none of these roles...
@endhasanyrole
// or
@hasanyrole('writer|admin')
    I am either a writer or an admin or both!
@else
    I have none of these roles...
@endhasanyrole

Test for all roles:

@hasallroles(Role::all())
    I have all of these roles!
@else
    I do not have all of these roles...
@endhasallroles
// or
@hasallroles('writer|admin')
    I am both a writer and an admin!
@else
    I do not have all of these roles...
@endhasallroles

Blade and Permissions

This package doesn't add any permission-specific Blade directives. Instead, use Laravel's native @can directive to check if a user has a certain permission.

@can('edit articles')
  //
@endcan

or

@if(auth()->user()->can('edit articles') && $some_other_condition)
  //
@endif

Using multiple guards

When using the default Laravel auth configuration all of the above methods will work out of the box, no extra configuration required.

However when using multiple guards they will act like namespaces for your permissions and roles. Meaning every guard has its own set of permissions and roles that can be assigned to their user model.

Using permissions and roles with multiple guards

By default the default guard (config('auth.default.guard')) will be used as the guard for new permissions and roles. When creating permissions and roles for specific guards you'll have to specify their guard_name on the model:

// Create a superadmin role for the admin users
$role = Role::create(['guard_name' => 'admin', 'name' => 'superadmin']);

// Define a `publish articles` permission for the admin users belonging to the admin guard
$permission = Permission::create(['guard_name' => 'admin', 'name' => 'publish articles']);

// Define a *different* `publish articles` permission for the regular users belonging to the web guard
$permission = Permission::create(['guard_name' => 'web', 'name' => 'publish articles']);

To check if a user has permission for a specific guard:

$user->hasPermissionTo('publish articles', 'admin');

Assigning permissions and roles to guard users

You can use the same methods to assign permissions and roles to users as described above in using permissions via roles. Just make sure the guard_name on the permission or role matches the guard of the user, otherwise a GuardDoesNotMatch exception will be thrown.

Using blade directives with multiple guards

You can use all of the blade directives listed in using blade directives by passing in the guard you wish to use as the second argument to the directive:

@role('super-admin', 'admin')
    I am a super-admin!
@else
    I am not a super-admin...
@endrole

Using a middleware

This package comes with RoleMiddleware and PermissionMiddleware middleware. You can add them inside your app/Http/Kernel.php file.

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    // ...
    'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleMiddleware::class,
    'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\PermissionMiddleware::class,
];

Then you can protect your routes using middleware rules:

Route::group(['middleware' => ['role:super-admin']], function () {
    //
});

Route::group(['middleware' => ['permission:publish articles']], function () {
    //
});

Route::group(['middleware' => ['role:super-admin','permission:publish articles']], function () {
    //
});

You can protect your controllers similarly, by setting desired middleware in the constructor:

public function __construct
{
    $this->middleware(['role:super-admin','permission:publish articles']);
}

Using artisan commands

You can create a role or permission from console with artisan commands.

php artisan permission:create-role writer

php artisan permission:create-permission 'edit articles'

When creating permissions and roles for specific guards you can specify the guard names as a second argument:

php artisan permission:create-role writer web

php artisan permission:create-permission 'edit articles' web

Database Seeding

Two notes about Database Seeding:

It is best to flush the spatie.permission.cache before seeding, to avoid cache conflict errors. This can be done from an Artisan command (see Troubleshooting: Cache section, later) or directly in a seeder class (see example below).

Here's a sample seeder, which clears the cache, creates permissions, and then assigns permissions to roles:

use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;

class RolesAndPermissionsSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
	{
    	// Reset cached roles and permissions
        app()['cache']->forget('spatie.permission.cache');

        // create permissions
        Permission::create(['name' => 'edit articles']);
        Permission::create(['name' => 'delete articles']);
        Permission::create(['name' => 'publish articles']);
        Permission::create(['name' => 'unpublish articles']);

        // create roles and assign existing permissions
        $role = Role::create(['name' => 'writer']);
        $role->givePermissionTo('edit articles');
        $role->givePermissionTo('delete articles');

        $role = Role::create(['name' => 'admin']);
        $role->givePermissionTo('publish articles');
        $role->givePermissionTo('unpublish articles');
    }
}

Extending

If you need to extend or replace the existing Role or Permission models you just need to keep the following things in mind:

Your Role model needs to implement the Spatie\Permission\Contracts\Role contract
Your Permission model needs to implement the Spatie\Permission\Contracts\Permission contract
You can publish the configuration with this command:

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider" --tag="config"

And update the models.role and models.permission values

Cache

Role and Permission data are cached to speed up performance.

When you use the supplied methods for manipulating roles and permissions, the cache is automatically reset for you:

$user->assignRole('writer');
$user->removeRole('writer');
$user->syncRoles(params);
$role->givePermissionTo('edit articles');
$role->revokePermissionTo('edit articles');
$role->syncPermissions(params);

HOWEVER, if you manipulate permission/role data directly in the database instead of calling the supplied methods, then you will not see the changes reflected in the application unless you manually reset the cache.

Manual cache reset

To manually reset the cache for this package, run:

php artisan cache:forget spatie.permission.cache

Cache Identifier

TIP: If you are leveraging a caching service such as redis or memcached and there are other sites running on your server, you could run into cache clashes. It is prudent to set your own cache prefix in /config/cache.php for each application uniquely. This will prevent other applications from accidentally using/changing your cached data.

Need a UI?

The package doesn't come with any screens out of the box, you should build that yourself. To get started check out this extensive tutorial by Caleb Oki.

Changelog

Please see CHANGELOG for more information what has changed recently.

Testing

composer test

Contributing

Please see CONTRIBUTING for details.

Security

If you discover any security related issues, please email freek@spatie.be instead of using the issue tracker.

Credits

This package is heavily based on Jeffrey Way's awesome Laracasts lessons on permissions and roles. His original code can be found in this repo on GitHub.

Special thanks to Alex Vanderbist who greatly helped with v2, and to Chris Brown for his longtime support helping us maintain the package.

Resources

How to create a UI for managing the permissions and roles

Alternatives

Povilas Korop did an excellent job listing the alternatives in an article on Laravel News. In that same article he compares laravel-permission to Joseph Silber's Bouncer, which in our book is also an excellent package.

About Spatie

Spatie is webdesign agency in Antwerp, Belgium. You'll find an overview of all our open source projects on our website.

License

The MIT License (MIT). Please see License File for more information.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
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config		config
database/migrations		database/migrations
src		src
tests		tests
views		views
.editorconfig		.editorconfig
.gitattributes		.gitattributes
.gitignore		.gitignore
.scrutinizer.yml		.scrutinizer.yml
.styleci.yml		.styleci.yml
.travis.yml		.travis.yml
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
LICENSE.md		LICENSE.md
README.md		README.md
composer.json		composer.json
phpunit.xml.dist		phpunit.xml.dist

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Associate users with permissions and roles

Postcardware

Installation

Usage

Using "direct" permissions (see below to use both roles and permissions)

Using permissions via roles

Using Blade directives

Blade and Roles

Blade and Permissions

Using multiple guards

Using permissions and roles with multiple guards

Assigning permissions and roles to guard users

Using blade directives with multiple guards

Using a middleware

Using artisan commands

Database Seeding

Extending

Cache

Manual cache reset

Cache Identifier

Need a UI?

Changelog

Testing

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Security

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Associate users with permissions and roles

Postcardware

Installation

Usage

Using "direct" permissions (see below to use both roles and permissions)

Using permissions via roles

Using Blade directives

Blade and Roles

Blade and Permissions

Using multiple guards

Using permissions and roles with multiple guards

Assigning permissions and roles to guard users

Using blade directives with multiple guards

Using a middleware

Using artisan commands

Database Seeding

Extending

Cache

Manual cache reset

Cache Identifier

Need a UI?

Changelog

Testing

Contributing

Security

Credits

Resources

Alternatives

About Spatie

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