Basic Syntax (#162)

* first draft of proposal for basic syntax

* rename proposal

* formating

* fixing typos

* precendence and associativity

* minor edit

* added abstract syntax

* some revisions based on feedback from meeting today

* optional return type

* oops, not optional for function declarations

* replacing abbreviations with full names

* name changes

* Update proposals/p0162.md

Co-authored-by: Dmitri Gribenko <gribozavr@gmail.com>

* removed = from precedence table

* for fun decl, back to optional return type, shorthand for void return

* more fiddling with return types

* change base case of statement_list to empty

* added pattern non-terminal

* added  expression style function definitions

* change && to and, || to or

* change  and  to have equal precedence

* updating text to match grammar, fix typo in grammar regarding pattern

* adding trailing comma thing to tuples

* removed 'alt' keyword, not necessary

* flipped expression and pattern

* added period for named arguments and documented the reason

* change alternative syntax to use tuple instead of expression

* comment about abstract syntax

* code block language annotations

* added alternative designs, some cleanup for pre-commit

* spell checking

* filled out the TOC

* minor edits

* minor edit

* trying to fix pre-commit error

* changes from pre-commit?

* changes based on meeting today

* describe alternatives regarding methods

* more rationale in discussion of alternatives

* addressing comments

* typo fix, added text about next steps

* removed *, changed a ! to not

* Update proposals/p0162.md

Co-authored-by: Geoff Romer <gromer@google.com>

* edits from feedback

* pre-commit

* added second reason for period in field initializer

* added executable semantics, fixed misunderstanding regarding associativity

* update README

* added a paragraph about tuples and tuple types

* Update proposals/p0162.md

Co-authored-by: josh11b <josh11b@users.noreply.github.com>

* addressing comments from josh11b

* Update executable-semantics/README.md

Co-authored-by: Dmitri Gribenko <gribozavr@gmail.com>

* link to implicit parameters in generics proposal

* added non-terminal for designator as per geoffromer's suggestion

* changed handling of tuples in function call and similar places as per josh11b and zygoloid

* moving code to separate PR

Co-authored-by: Dmitri Gribenko <gribozavr@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Geoff Romer <gromer@google.com>
Co-authored-by: josh11b <josh11b@users.noreply.github.com>

proposals/README.md

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ request:
     -   [Decision](p0143_decision.md)
 -   [0149 - Change documentation style guide](p0149.md)
     -   [Decision](p0149_decision.md)
+-   [0162 - Basic Syntax](p0162.md)
 -   [0175 - C++ interoperability goals](p0175.md)
 
 <!-- endproposals -->