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Update 03-horizontalGeneTransfer-TDA.md
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nselem authored Apr 6, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -34,20 +34,23 @@ HGT is crucial in the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant genes among bacteria,
## Understanding Persistent Homology in the Context of HGT:
Topological data analysis (TDA), in particular persistent homology, allows for
identifying complex patterns and structures in large genomic datasets,
facilitating the detection of HGT of antibiotic resistance genes.

Hierarchical data does not have holes in higger dimensions when represented
facilitating the detection of HGT of antibiotic resistance genes. Hierarchical
data does not have holes in higger dimensions when represented
with a Vietoris Rips complex. A population not experiencing horizontal gene transfer
and where no mutations are allowed in the same site show non-empty homology only at $ \H_0 $.
Remember, $ \H_0 $ in the barcode diagram indicates the presence of connected components.

Here we will study three study cases, 1) we will show persistent homology in
vertical inheritance, 2) we will study a simulation of Horizontal Gene Transfer,
and 3), we will study the persistent homology of the resistant genes
from *Streptococcus agalactiae* that we obtained in the episode [Annotating Genomic Data](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/pangenomics/03-annotation-with-Prokka/index.html), from the lesson [Pangenome Analysis in Prokaryotes](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/pangenomics/index.html). In all three cases, we are going to need first
to import some libraries, then to define functions, and finally to call them to visualize the data.

> ## Know more: TDA in genomics
> To learn more about applications of TDA in genomics consult the Rabadan book [Topological Data Analysis for Genomics](https://www.amazon.com.mx/Topological-Data-Analysis-Genomics-Evolution/dp/1107159547)
> To learn more about applications of TDA in genomics, consult the Rabadan book [Topological Data Analysis for Genomics](https://www.amazon.com.mx/Topological-Data-Analysis-Genomics-Evolution/dp/1107159547)
{: .callout}

Here we will study three study cases, first, we will show persistent homology in vertical inheritance, then we will study a simulation of Horizontal Gene Transfer, and finally, we will study the persistent homology of the resistant genes from *Streptococcus agalactiae* that we obtained in the episode [Annotating Genomic Data](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/pangenomics/03-annotation-with-Prokka/index.html), from the lesson [Pangenome Analysis in Prokaryotes](https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/pangenomics/index.html).

### **Library**
### Library
To begin, we will import the necessary packages.
~~~
import numpy as np
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