🚸 Improved error reporting in HSF and Path Simulator

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR improves the error management of the HSF and the Path Simulator and makes them report a little more user-friendly error messages if certain constructs of a circuit are not supported by the simulators.

Fixes #251 and #269

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 95.65217% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.3%. Comparing base (4b51d54) to head (6d6c716).
Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.cpp	96.9%	2 Missing ⚠️
include/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.hpp	50.0%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #431     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   92.3%   92.3%   -0.1%     
=======================================
  Files         37      37             
  Lines       2720    2732     +12     
  Branches     305     310      +5     
=======================================
+ Hits        2512    2523     +11     
- Misses       208     209      +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	94.1% <95.6%> (-0.1%)	⬇️
python	87.4% <ø> (ø)

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/PathSimulator.cpp	88.8% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
include/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.hpp	60.0% <50.0%> (-0.7%)	⬇️
src/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.cpp	97.7% <96.9%> (+0.5%)	⬆️

... and 2 files with indirect coverage changes