ci(lint): remove GitHub workflow runtime deprecations, ensure lint is up to date

[ramin]

Description

Decided to take a look at #1000 and see what was up, seems linting DOES run and is not catching issues that are passed locally, but, while here i noticed some very out of date deprecation warnings on github action runtimes. So:

• updated actions/checkout to v3 -> v4
• updated actions/setup-go to v4 -> v5
• noticed the git diff action was stuck on node16 runtime and deprecated, so replicated behavior with paths in workflow trigger, even though it does require 2 entries (1 for push, 1 for pull_request) seemed cleaner than an unmaintained github action workflow
• finally: set setup-go to use go.mod for sourcing the go version.

If welcome, i intend to update warnings across all workflows next.

---

PR checklist

• Tests written/updated
• Changelog entry added in .changelog (we use
  unclog to manage our changelog)
• Updated relevant documentation (docs/ or spec/) and code comments

[rootulp]

Thanks for bumping the outdated deps. I don't understand how this closes #1000 because it looks like none of the lint issues identified in that issue are actually addressed in this PR.

[ramin]

Thanks for bumping the outdated deps. I don't understand how this closes #1000 because it looks like none of the lint issues identified in that issue are actually addressed in this PR.

@rootulp 1000 was the trigger to try and look, but couldn't repro those warnings/errors anymore so cleaned up the rest while in there.

[rootulp]

[no change needed] 😮 clever! We can remove a few explicit Go versions from CI jobs in celestia-app with this trick.

Ref: https://github.com/actions/setup-go?tab=readme-ov-file#getting-go-version-from-the-gomod-file

[rootulp]

[optional] we could get rid of this comment b/c it's incorrect and bump to latest golangci-lint https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/releases/tag/v1.56.2

but we can def do this in a follow up

[staheri14]

LGTM! It may be good to reconsider the Closes #1000 in the PR description as that issue seems to be closed already.

[rootulp]

Agreed. Updated the PR description.