Add check_resource_semantics! lifecycle method to provider

[jaym]

Added a lifecycle method to check if the resource makes sense for the provider. That way, we can fail before loading it. Will add specs if we want to solve the problem this way :)
Fixed #3075 as an example

cc @jaymzh @chef/client-core

[lamont-granquist]

Yeah I guess we need to do this. This should ideally go into the resource, but with the compile/converge mode split and with the possibility of resources being passed lazy {} we can't really do this until provider/converge time.

Yet more ammunition that compile/converge mode needs to go away and Resources and Providers need to be fused together. We're starting to lazy up parameter validation and the Resource can't even do its job properly...

👍 modulo a detour into (getoffmylawn)

[smurawski]

👍 Merge it

[btm]

👍 thanks for cleaning this task up.