sql: check privileges in CONFIGURE ZONE commands

Previously, any user could apply zone configurations to any object. This
commit enforces that users must have appropriate privileges to run a
CONFIGURE ZONE command. For system ranges, the system database, and
tables in that database, the user must be an admin. For other databases
and tables, the user must have CREATE privileges on the object.

Release note (backward-incompatible change): CONFIGURE ZONE commands
now fail if the user does not have sufficient privileges. If the target
is a system range, the "system" database, or a table in that database,
the user must be an admin. For all other databases and tables, the user
must have the CREATE privilege on the target database or table.

Note that this change may be backward-incompatible for users who run
scripted CONFIGURE ZONE commands via a user with restricted permissions.
To add the necessary permissions, use the GRANT command via an admin
user. To grant the admin role to a user, run `GRANT admin TO <user>`. To
grant the CREATE privilege on a database or table, run `GRANT CREATE ON
[DATABASE | TABLE] <name> TO <user>`.

Release justification: Fix for high-priority bug in existing
functionality.

Fixes #40693

pkg/ccl/logictestccl/testdata/logic_test/zone

@@ -692,3 +692,68 @@ t40417  CREATE TABLE t40417 (
 );
 ALTER PARTITION p1 OF INDEX "my database".public.t40417@primary CONFIGURE ZONE USING
   num_replicas = 1
+
+subtest authorization
+
+statement ok
+CREATE DATABASE auth;
+CREATE TABLE auth.t (x INT PRIMARY KEY) PARTITION BY LIST (x) (
+  PARTITION p VALUES IN (1)
+);
+CREATE INDEX x ON auth.t (x) PARTITION BY LIST (x) (
+  PARTITION p VALUES IN (1)
+)
+
+user testuser
+
+# User should have no CONFIGURE ZONE abilities by default.
+statement error only users with the admin role are allowed to alter system ranges
+ALTER RANGE default CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement error pq: user testuser does not have CREATE privilege on database auth
+ALTER DATABASE auth CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement error pq: only users with the admin role are allowed to alter system tables
+ALTER TABLE system.jobs CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement error user testuser does not have CREATE privilege on relation t
+ALTER TABLE auth.t CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement error user testuser does not have CREATE privilege on relation t
+ALTER PARTITION p OF TABLE auth.t CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement error user testuser does not have CREATE privilege on relation t
+ALTER PARTITION p OF INDEX auth.t@x CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+# Granting CREATE on databases and tables should allow CONFIGURE ZONE on those
+# objects.
+user root
+
+statement ok
+GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE auth TO testuser
+
+statement ok
+GRANT CREATE ON TABLE auth.t TO testuser
+
+user testuser
+
+statement ok
+ALTER DATABASE auth CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE auth.t CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+# Granting the admin role should allow configuring zones on system tables and
+# ranges.
+user root
+
+statement ok
+GRANT admin TO testuser
+
+user testuser
+
+statement ok
+ALTER RANGE default CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3
+
+statement ok
+ALTER TABLE system.jobs CONFIGURE ZONE USING num_replicas = 3

pkg/sql/set_zone_config.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/server/serverpb"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/pgwire/pgcode"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/pgwire/pgerror"
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/privilege"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sem/tree"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/sqlbase"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/types"
@@ -93,6 +94,10 @@ func loadYAML(dst interface{}, yamlString string) {
 }
 
 func (p *planner) SetZoneConfig(ctx context.Context, n *tree.SetZoneConfig) (planNode, error) {
+	if err := checkPrivilegeForSetZoneConfig(ctx, p, n.ZoneSpecifier); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	var yamlConfig tree.TypedExpr
 
 	if n.YAMLConfig != nil {
@@ -158,6 +163,36 @@ func (p *planner) SetZoneConfig(ctx context.Context, n *tree.SetZoneConfig) (pla
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func checkPrivilegeForSetZoneConfig(ctx context.Context, p *planner, zs tree.ZoneSpecifier) error {
+	// For system ranges, the system database, or system tables, the user must be
+	// an admin. Otherwise we require CREATE privileges on the database or table
+	// in question.
+	if zs.NamedZone != "" {
+		return p.RequireAdminRole(ctx, "alter system ranges")
+	}
+	if zs.Database != "" {
+		if zs.Database == "system" {
+			return p.RequireAdminRole(ctx, "alter the system database")
+		}
+		dbDesc, err := p.ResolveUncachedDatabaseByName(ctx, string(zs.Database), true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return p.CheckPrivilege(ctx, dbDesc, privilege.CREATE)
+	}
+	tableDesc, err := p.resolveTableForZone(ctx, &zs)
+	if err != nil {
+		if zs.TargetsIndex() && zs.TableOrIndex.Table.TableName == "" {
+			err = errors.WithHint(err, "try specifying the index as <tablename>@<indexname>")
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	if tableDesc.ParentID == keys.SystemDatabaseID {
+		return p.RequireAdminRole(ctx, "alter system tables")
+	}
+	return p.CheckPrivilege(ctx, tableDesc, privilege.CREATE)
+}
+
 // setZoneConfigRun contains the run-time state of setZoneConfigNode during local execution.
 type setZoneConfigRun struct {
 	numAffected int
@@ -240,9 +275,6 @@ func (n *setZoneConfigNode) startExec(params runParams) error {
 	// descriptor.
 	table, err := params.p.resolveTableForZone(params.ctx, &n.zoneSpecifier)
 	if err != nil {
-		if n.zoneSpecifier.TargetsIndex() && n.zoneSpecifier.TableOrIndex.Table.TableName == "" {
-			return errors.WithHint(err, "try specifying the index as <tablename>@<indexname>")
-		}
 		return err
 	}