release-24.2: schemachanger: Fixed bug incorrect InvertedColumnKinds in the inverte…

[blathers-crl]

Backport 1/1 commits from #138043 on behalf of @Dedej-Bergin.

/cc @cockroachdb/release

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…d index

Previously the SHOW CREATE TABLE statement would lose index information. The fix now allows SHOW CREATE TABLE to show the correct information that can be repeatedly entered back into crdb to recreate the same table.

Fixes: #136410
Release note (bug fix): Previously SHOW CREATE TABLE was showing incorrect data with regards to inverted indexes. It now shows the correct data that can be repeatedly entered back into crdb to recreate the same table.

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Release justification:

[blathers-crl]

Thanks for opening a backport.

Please check the backport criteria before merging:

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  issues or test-only changes.
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[cockroach-teamcity]

This change is