Languages

ConceptNet is built from multilingual data, and covers hundreds of languages.

Identifying languages

Languages in ConceptNet are identified by their BCP 47 language code, a two- or three-letter code that's been standardized by IANA (and formerly by ISO).

When languages overlap and sources disagree on how to distinguish them, we usually represent them only as the broadest language code. This allows us to recognize as many terms as possible, though as a result the terms they are linked to may not all be understood by all speakers of those languages.

• Traditional and Simplified Chinese, with vocabulary from Mandarin, Cantonese, and other Chinese languages, all appear under the language code zh.
• Dialects of Arabic all appear under the language code ar.
• Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian appear under the language code sh.
• Bahasa Indonesia and Bahasa Malaysia both appear under the language code ms.
• Norwegian Bokmål and Nynorsk both appear under the language code no.

Core languages

There are 10 core languages, where we believe ConceptNet supports the language well, with a very large vocabulary, lots of assertions expressed within that language, and varied sources of knowledge. In these 10 languages, we provide all API features, including word vectors.

Code	Language	Autonym	Vocabulary size
en	English	English	1803873
fr	French	français	3023144
it	Italian	italiano	1078629
de	German	Deutsch	825741
es	Spanish	español	782760
ru	Russian	русский	680205
pt	Portuguese	português	473709
ja	Japanese	日本語	363663
nl	Dutch	Nederlands	267641
zh	Chinese	中文	242746

Common languages

There are 68 more common languages, with vocabularies of at least 10,000 terms. We generate word vectors for these languages, but don't provide them through the API (that would be too many vectors to keep around in memory). Some terms in these languages may only be connected to the rest of the graph via languages in the core set.

About 90% of the world's population natively speaks one of these languages or the core languages. This list also includes some languages that are historical (such as Latin) or constructed (such as Esperanto).

Code	Language	Autonym	Vocabulary size
af	Afrikaans	Afrikaans	19804
ang	Old English	Ænglisc	14898
ar	Arabic	العربية	134311
ast	Asturian	asturianu	52118
az	Azerbaijani	azərbaycan dili	15465
be	Belarusian	беларуская	20199
bg	Bulgarian	български	337071
ca	Catalan	català	123780
cs	Czech	čeština	129183
cy	Welsh	Cymraeg	18184
da	Danish	dansk	67915
el	Greek	Ελληνικά	71970
eo	Esperanto	esperanto	171527
et	Estonian	eesti	29968
eu	Basque	euskara	52340
fa	Persian	فارسی	61883
fi	Finnish	suomi	381278
fil	Filipino	Filipino	17620
fo	Faroese	føroyskt	18081
fro	Old French		33797
ga	Irish	Gaeilge	42963
gd	Scottish Gaelic	Gàidhlig	27313
gl	Galician	galego	76598
grc	Ancient Greek		37717
gv	Manx	Gaelg	14404
he	Hebrew	עברית	40906
hi	Hindi	हिन्दी	21163
hsb	Upper Sorbian	hornjoserbšćina	52975
hu	Hungarian	magyar	81638
hy	Armenian	հայերեն	34969
io	Ido	Ido	39078
is	Icelandic	íslenska	55767
ka	Georgian	ქართული	41801
kk	Kazakh	қазақ тілі	20779
ko	Korean	한국어	47268
ku	Kurdish	Kürtçe	15680
la	Latin	Lingua latina	1334135
lt	Lithuanian	lietuvių	30523
lv	Latvian	latviešu	48870
mg	Malagasy	Malagasy	53264
mk	Macedonian	македонски	33270
ms	Malay	Bahasa Melayu	124646
mul	Multilingual		20214
no	Norwegian	norsk bokmål	125633
non	Old Norse		7868
nrf	Norman French	Jèrriais / Guernésiais	19687
nv	Navajo	Diné bizaad	12432
oc	Occitan	occitan	42122
pl	Polish	polski	191190
ro	Romanian	română	66260
rup	Aromanian	armãneashti	7212
sa	Sanskrit	संस्कृत	9584
se	Northern Sami	davvisámegiella	134734
sh	Croatian / Bosnian / Serbian	srpskohrvatski	148819
sk	Slovak	slovenčina	29768
sl	Slovenian	slovenščina	160496
sq	Albanian	shqip	24692
sv	Swedish	svenska	268402
sw	Swahili	Kiswahili	12648
ta	Tamil	தமிழ்	11785
te	Telugu	తెలుగు	26434
th	Thai	ไทย	103096
tr	Turkish	Türkçe	65892
uk	Ukrainian	українська	46284
ur	Urdu	اردو	11832
vi	Vietnamese	Tiếng Việt	54774
vo	Volapük	Volapük	14678
xcl	Classical Armenian		26356

All languages

The vocabulary of ConceptNet supports a total of 304 languages. To be represented in ConceptNet, a language must have a written orthography, and we must be able to extract a vocabulary of at least 300 words from ConceptNet's data sources.

We exclude languages below this cutoff because their data is too likely to be unrepresentative, unhelpful, or erroneous. (One language, Yi, meets this cutoff at one stage of building, even though its vocabulary in the final ConceptNet graph is too small.)

This table shows all the supported languages, alphabetically by their language code:

Code	Language	Vocabulary size
aa	Afar	1451
ab	Abkhazian	744
abe	Western Abenaki	394
adx	Amdo Tibetan	1107
ady	Adyghe	7202
ae	Avestan	371
af	Afrikaans	19804
aii	Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	720
ain	Ainu	744
akk	Akkadian	734
akz	Alabama	371
alt	Southern Altai	843
am	Amharic	2396
an	Aragonese	5173
ang	Old English	14898
ar	Arabic	134311
arc	Aramaic	3871
arn	Mapuche	2431
ast	Asturian	52118
av	Avar	479
axm	Middle Armenian	596
az	Azerbaijani	15465
ba	Bashkir	5793
bal	Baluchi	765
be	Belarusian	20199
bg	Bulgarian	337071
bi	Bislama	257
bm	Bambara	5211
bn	Bengali	9907
bo	Tibetan	1620
br	Breton	18069
ca	Catalan	123780
ccc	Chamicuro	883
ce	Chechen	3372
ceb	Cebuano	11346
ch	Chamorro	419
chk	Chuukese	1356
chl	Cahuilla	1021
cho	Choctaw	364
chr	Cherokee	2105
cic	Chickasaw	1451
cim	Cimbrian	738
cjs	Shor	751
co	Corsican	4936
cop	Coptic	383
crh	Crimean Turkish	5550
cs	Czech	129183
csb	Kashubian	1336
cu	Church Slavic	15262
cv	Chuvash	3818
cy	Welsh	18184
da	Danish	67915
dak	Dakota	1067
de	German	825741
dje	Zarma	727
dlm	Dalmatian	1796
dsb	Lower Sorbian	8526
dua	Duala	679
dum	Middle Dutch	2351
dv	Divehi	519
ee	Ewe	1207
egl	Emilian	849
egx	Egyptian languages	1047
egy	Ancient Egyptian	402
el	Greek	71970
en	English	1803873
enm	Middle English	13013
eo	Esperanto	171527
es	Spanish	782760
esu	Central Yupik	553
et	Estonian	29968
eu	Basque	52340
fa	Persian	61883
ff	Fula	315
fi	Finnish	381278
fil	Filipino	17620
fj	Fijian	463
fo	Faroese	18081
fon	Fon	1642
fr	French	3023144
frk	Frankish	620
frm	Middle French	10931
fro	Old French	33797
frp	Franco-Provençal	5568
frr	Northern Frisian	1085
fur	Friulian	5101
fy	Western Frisian	12009
ga	Irish	42963
gag	Gagauz	1118
gd	Scottish Gaelic	27313
gl	Galician	76598
gmh	Middle High German	2368
gml	Middle Low German	2155
gn	Guarani	624
goh	Old High German	6385
got	Gothic	3726
grc	Ancient Greek	37717
gsw	Swiss German	1752
gu	Gujarati	3361
gv	Manx	14404
ha	Hausa	1164
hak	Hakka	788
haw	Hawaiian	3104
hbo	Ancient Hebrew	5864
he	Hebrew	40906
hi	Hindi	21163
hil	Hiligaynon	2914
hit	Hittite	379
hke	Hunde	492
hsb	Upper Sorbian	52975
ht	Haitian Creole	3799
hu	Hungarian	81638
hy	Armenian	34969
ia	Interlingua	8632
ie	Interlingue	698
ii	Yi	105
ilo	Ilocano	470
io	Ido	39078
is	Icelandic	55767
ist	Istriot	848
it	Italian	1078629
iu	Inuktitut	3739
ja	Japanese	363663
jbo	Lojban	2043
jv	Javanese	5287
ka	Georgian	41801
kbd	Kabardian	1422
khb	Tai Lü	335
ki	Kikuyu	473
kim	Tofa	799
kjh	Khakas	1009
kk	Kazakh	20779
kl	Kalaallisut	2127
km	Khmer	5971
kn	Kannada	4278
ko	Korean	47268
koy	Koyukon	422
krc	Karachay-Balkar	1108
krl	Karelian	943
ku	Kurdish	15680
kum	Kumyk	1213
kw	Cornish	3707
ky	Kyrgyz	6349
la	Latin	1334135
lad	Ladino	3108
lb	Luxembourgish	16743
li	Limburgish	1627
lij	Ligurian	769
liv	Livonian	883
lkt	Lakota	1443
lld	Ladin	9924
lmo	Lombard	2332
ln	Lingala	8624
lo	Lao	3892
lt	Lithuanian	30523
ltg	Latgalian	1428
lv	Latvian	48870
lzz	Laz	376
mch	Maquiritari	791
mdf	Moksha	3828
mg	Malagasy	53264
mga	Middle Irish	425
mh	Marshallese	377
mi	Maori	8786
mk	Macedonian	33270
ml	Malayalam	7748
mn	Mongolian	9821
mr	Marathi	6879
ms	Malay	124646
mt	Maltese	5921
mul	Multilingual	20214
mwl	Mirandese	2593
my	Burmese	5238
myv	Erzya	1443
na	Nauru	538
nah	Nahuatl languages	2587
nan	Min Nan Chinese	3963
nap	Neapolitan	2406
nci	Classical Nahuatl	5619
nds	Low German	8668
ne	Nepali	6041
nhn	Central Nahuatl	437
nl	Dutch	267641
nmn	!Xóõ	594
no	Norwegian	125633
nog	Nogai	1064
non	Old Norse	7868
nov	Novial	1585
nrf	Jèrriais	19687
nv	Navajo	12432
oc	Occitan	42122
odt	Old Dutch	838
ofs	Old Frisian	1848
oge	Old Georgian	778
oj	Ojibwa	1388
oma	Omaha-Ponca	1502
or	Oriya	538
orv	Old Russian	597
os	Ossetic	9608
osp	Old Spanish	1186
osx	Old Saxon	4375
ota	Ottoman Turkish	1993
pa	Punjabi	4648
pal	Pahlavi	1235
pap	Papiamento	7222
pcd	Picard	3146
peo	Old Persian	324
pi	Pali	2027
pjt	Pitjantjatjara	479
pl	Polish	191190
pms	Piedmontese	3157
ppl	Pipil	491
prg	Prussian	1298
pro	Old Provençal	11884
ps	Pashto	2314
pt	Portuguese	473709
qu	Quechua	7029
qya	Quenya	370
raj	Rajasthani	393
rap	Rapa Nui	661
rm	Romansh	9773
ro	Romanian	66260
roa-opt	Old Portuguese	2959
rom	Romany	1370
ru	Russian	680205
rue	Rusyn	319
rup	Aromanian	7212
rw	Kinyarwanda	1016
sa	Sanskrit	9584
sah	Sakha	3551
sc	Sardinian	3617
scn	Sicilian	7215
sco	Scots	11789
sd	Sindhi	439
se	Northern Sami	134734
ses	Koyraboro Senni	6451
sga	Old Irish	5976
sh	Serbo-Croatian	148819
shh	Shoshoni	366
si	Sinhala	2877
sk	Slovak	29768
sl	Slovenian	160496
sm	Samoan	1378
smn	Inari Sami	632
sms	Skolt Sami	599
so	Somali	1514
sq	Albanian	24692
srn	Sranan Tongo	2344
st	Sotho	458
stq	Saterland Frisian	2402
su	Sundanese	3044
sux	Sumerian	1012
sv	Swedish	268402
sw	Swahili	12648
swb	Comorian	1958
syc	Classical Syriac	5540
szl	Silesian	340
ta	Tamil	11785
te	Telugu	26434
tet	Tetum	798
tg	Tajik	5683
th	Thai	103096
ti	Tigrinya	653
tk	Turkmen	3061
tpi	Tok Pisin	1761
tpw	Tupi	573
tr	Turkish	65892
tt	Tatar	6440
twf	Northern Tiwa	941
txb	Tokharian B	391
ty	Tahitian	684
tyv	Tuvinian	872
udm	Udmurt	489
ug	Uyghur	2089
uga	Ugaritic	712
uk	Ukrainian	46284
ur	Urdu	11832
uz	Uzbek	7519
vec	Venetian	10830
vep	Veps	3691
vi	Vietnamese	54774
vo	Volapük	14678
vot	Votic	970
wa	Walloon	4797
wae	Walser	879
war	Waray	12607
wau	Waurá	380
wo	Wolof	2549
wym	Wymysorys	2621
xcl	Classical Armenian	26356
xh	Xhosa	407
xmf	Mingrelian	484
xno	Anglo-Norman	559
xpr	Parthian	384
xto	Tokharian A	280
xwo	Oirat	1408
yi	Yiddish	13591
yo	Yoruba	2672
yua	Yucateco	1546
za	Zhuang	315
zdj	Ngazidja Comorian	1908
zh	Chinese	242746
zu	Zulu	2217
zza	Zaza	1006