Add MSVC invalid parameter handler (#14313)

src/exception/call_stack/stackwalk.cr

@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@ struct Exception::CallStack
     # `Crystal::System::Thread.thread_proc`)
     stack_size = Crystal::System::Fiber::RESERVED_STACK_SIZE
     LibC.SetThreadStackGuarantee(pointerof(stack_size))
+
+    # this catches invalid argument checks inside the C runtime library
+    LibC._set_invalid_parameter_handler(->(expression, _function, _file, _line, _pReserved) do
+      message = expression ? String.from_utf16(expression)[0] : "(no message)"
+      Crystal::System.print_error "CRT invalid parameter handler invoked: %s\n", message
+      caller.each do |frame|
+        Crystal::System.print_error "  from %s\n", frame
+      end
+      LibC._exit(1)
+    end)
   end
 
   {% if flag?(:interpreted) %} @[Primitive(:interpreter_call_stack_unwind)] {% end %}

src/lib_c/x86_64-windows-msvc/c/stdint.cr

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 lib LibC
   alias IntPtrT = Int64
+  alias UIntPtrT = UInt64
 end

src/lib_c/x86_64-windows-msvc/c/stdlib.cr

@@ -16,4 +16,7 @@ lib LibC
   fun realloc(ptr : Void*, size : SizeT) : Void*
   fun strtof(nptr : Char*, endptr : Char**) : Float
   fun strtod(nptr : Char*, endptr : Char**) : Double
+
+  alias InvalidParameterHandler = WCHAR*, WCHAR*, WCHAR*, UInt, UIntPtrT ->
+  fun _set_invalid_parameter_handler(pNew : InvalidParameterHandler) : InvalidParameterHandler
 end