Merge pull request NisreenFarhoud#14 from dontrebootme/master

Added others to chmod example, line ending cleanup

README.md

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ Bash Shell Cheatsheet
 =====================
 The main topics of this cheatsheet include an intro to the shell, navigating around the shell, common commands, environment variables, connectors, piping, I/O redirection, permissions, and keyboard shortcuts.
 ##Introduction to the Shell
-The shell is a program, in our case, called "bash" which stands for Bourne Again Shell. 
+The shell is a program, in our case, called "bash" which stands for Bourne Again Shell.
 How the shell works is it takes your commands and gives them to the operating system to perform.
-In order to interact with the shell, we use "terminal emulators" such as the [gnome-terminal](https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-terminal/stable/), [eterm](http://www.eterm.org/), nxterm, etc. 
+In order to interact with the shell, we use "terminal emulators" such as the [gnome-terminal](https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-terminal/stable/), [eterm](http://www.eterm.org/), nxterm, etc.
 ##Navigating Around The Shell
-On a Linux system, files are organized in a hierarchical directory structure. 
+On a Linux system, files are organized in a hierarchical directory structure.
 This means there is a starting directory called the root directory.
 This directory contains files and subdirectories that lead into other subdirectories.
 ###pwd
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ The `less` command gives you a way to navigate through a passed file or block of
 $ less test.txt
 $ ps aux | less
 ```
-Common less keyboard shortcuts | Description 
+Common less keyboard shortcuts | Description
 --- | ---
   `G` | Moves to end of file
   `g` | Moves to beginning of file
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ $ echo $?
  ```
 ###grep
 The `grep` command is a search function. <br>
-Passing a string and a file searches the file for the given string and prints the occurrences to standard output. 
+Passing a string and a file searches the file for the given string and prints the occurrences to standard output.
 ```
   $ cat users.txt
   user:student password:123
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Passing a string and a file searches the file for the given string and prints th
 ```
 `grep` can take multiple files as parameters and regular expressions to specify a pattern in text.
 
-Common flags | Description 
+Common flags | Description
 --- | ---
   `-i` | remove case sensitivity
   `-r` | search recursively through directories
@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ The `ps` command, short for process status, prints out information about the pro
   PID TTY          TIME CMD
   35346 pts/2    00:00:00 bash
 ```
-There are four items displayed: 
+There are four items displayed:
   * process identification number (PID)
-  * terminal type (TTY), 
+  * terminal type (TTY),
   * how long process has been running (TIME)
   * name of command that launched the process (CMD)
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Connector | Description
   test.txt file1.txt file2.txt
 ```
 ##Piping
-Pipes connect multiple commands together by sending the stdout of the first command to the stdin of the next command. 
+Pipes connect multiple commands together by sending the stdout of the first command to the stdin of the next command.
 For example, the following sends the `ls` output to `head` so that only the top 10 items get printed. <br>
 ```
   $ ls -l | head
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ But we can combine I/O redirection into one command line, such as:
 Adding a `&` with the `>` symbol results in redirecting both standard out and standard error.
 For example, the `test.cpp` file prints the string "stdout" with `cout` and the string "stderr" with `cerr`.
 ```
-  $ g++ test.cpp 
+  $ g++ test.cpp
   $ ./a.out >& test.txt
   $ cat test.txt
   stdout
@@ -248,13 +248,13 @@ The `>` symbol alone only redirects standard output. <br>
 If you only want to redirect a specific file descriptor you can attach the file descriptor number to `>`.
 
 Name | File Descriptor | Description
---- | --- | --- 
+--- | --- | ---
 stdin | 0 | standard input stream
 stdout | 1 | standard output stream
 stderr | 2 | standard error output stream
 For example, if I only wanted to redirect "stderr" to the file `test.txt` from the above example, I would do the following:
 ```
-  $ g++ test.cpp 
+  $ g++ test.cpp
   $ ./a.out 2> test.txt
   stdout
   $ cat test.txt
@@ -265,24 +265,25 @@ The command `ls -l` prints out a lot of information about each file that is info
 ```
   $ ls -l test.txt
   -rw-rw-r--  1  user  group  1097374 January 26 2:48 test.txt
-``` 
+```
 
-Output from example above | Description/Possible Outputs 
---- | --- 
-- | File type: <br> `-`= regular file <br> `d`= directory 
+Output from example above | Description/Possible Outputs
+--- | ---
+- | File type: <br> `-`= regular file <br> `d`= directory
 rw- | Permissions for owner of file
 rw- | Permissions for members of the group owning the file
 r-- | Permissions for all other users
 user | name of user owning the file
 group | name of group owning the file
 ###chmod
 The `chmod` command, short for change mode, changes the permissions of a file. <br>
-There is a combination of letters that need to be known in order to change specific users' permission. 
+There is a combination of letters that need to be known in order to change specific users' permission.
 
 Letter | User
 --- | ---
 u | User who owns it
 g | Users in the group
+o | Other users not in the group
 a | All users
 You call `chmod` by describing which actions you want to perform and to which file.
 The `-` symbol represents taking away permissions while the `+` symbol represents adding permissions.
@@ -312,7 +313,7 @@ CTRL-A | Move cursor to beginning of line
 CTRL-E | Move cursor to end of line
 CTRL-R | Search bash history
 CTRL-W | Cut the last word
-CTRL-U | Cut everything before the cursor 
+CTRL-U | Cut everything before the cursor
 CTRL-K | Cut everything after the cursor
 CTRL-Y | Paste the last thing to be cut
 CTRL-_ | Undo