p2p/discover: improve nodesByDistance.push code (ethereum#26019)

This improves readability of function 'push'.

sort.Search(N, ...) will at most return N when no match, so ix should be compared
with N. The previous version would compare ix with N+1 in case an additional item
was appended. No bug resulted from this comparison, but it's not easy to understand
why.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

p2p/discover/table.go

@@ -672,15 +672,14 @@ func (h *nodesByDistance) push(n *node, maxElems int) {
 	ix := sort.Search(len(h.entries), func(i int) bool {
 		return enode.DistCmp(h.target, h.entries[i].ID(), n.ID()) > 0
 	})
+
+	end := len(h.entries)
 	if len(h.entries) < maxElems {
 		h.entries = append(h.entries, n)
 	}
-	if ix == len(h.entries) {
-		// farther away than all nodes we already have.
-		// if there was room for it, the node is now the last element.
-	} else {
-		// slide existing entries down to make room
-		// this will overwrite the entry we just appended.
+	if ix < end {
+		// Slide existing entries down to make room.
+		// This will overwrite the entry we just appended.
 		copy(h.entries[ix+1:], h.entries[ix:])
 		h.entries[ix] = n
 	}

p2p/discover/table_test.go

@@ -396,6 +396,59 @@ func TestTable_revalidateSyncRecord(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestNodesPush(t *testing.T) {
+	var target enode.ID
+	n1 := nodeAtDistance(target, 255, intIP(1))
+	n2 := nodeAtDistance(target, 254, intIP(2))
+	n3 := nodeAtDistance(target, 253, intIP(3))
+	perm := [][]*node{
+		{n3, n2, n1},
+		{n3, n1, n2},
+		{n2, n3, n1},
+		{n2, n1, n3},
+		{n1, n3, n2},
+		{n1, n2, n3},
+	}
+
+	// Insert all permutations into lists with size limit 3.
+	for _, nodes := range perm {
+		list := nodesByDistance{target: target}
+		for _, n := range nodes {
+			list.push(n, 3)
+		}
+		if !slicesEqual(list.entries, perm[0], nodeIDEqual) {
+			t.Fatal("not equal")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Insert all permutations into lists with size limit 2.
+	for _, nodes := range perm {
+		list := nodesByDistance{target: target}
+		for _, n := range nodes {
+			list.push(n, 2)
+		}
+		if !slicesEqual(list.entries, perm[0][:2], nodeIDEqual) {
+			t.Fatal("not equal")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func nodeIDEqual(n1, n2 *node) bool {
+	return n1.ID() == n2.ID()
+}
+
+func slicesEqual[T any](s1, s2 []T, check func(e1, e2 T) bool) bool {
+	if len(s1) != len(s2) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range s1 {
+		if !check(s1[i], s2[i]) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // gen wraps quick.Value so it's easier to use.
 // it generates a random value of the given value's type.
 func gen(typ interface{}, rand *rand.Rand) interface{} {