chore: refactor complex implementation of request-processing filters

[samayer12]

Description

This PR is part of the effort to reduce complexity in the code. Instead of using ternaries that are chained together, this refactor introduces a FilterChain analagous to what you might see in the Spring Framework to achieve the same outcome, improving readability and maintenance.

Related Issue

Relates to #1248

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Other (security config, docs update, etc)

Checklist before merging

• Unit, Journey, E2E Tests, docs, adr added or updated as needed
• Contributor Guide Steps followed

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 98.30508% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 86.37%. Comparing base (7260348) to head (4c4158b).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/lib/filter/filtersWithLogs.ts	98.68%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/lib/filter/logMessages.ts	95.65%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1333      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.64%   86.37%   +0.73%     
==========================================
  Files          31       34       +3     
  Lines        1449     1527      +78     
  Branches      319      309      -10     
==========================================
+ Hits         1241     1319      +78     
+ Misses        206      190      -16     
- Partials        2       18      +16     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/lib/filter/adjudicators.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/lib/filter/filterChain.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/lib/filter/shouldSkipRequest.ts	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/lib/helpers.ts	97.19% <ø> (ø)
src/lib/types.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/lib/filter/filtersWithLogs.ts	98.68% <98.68%> (ø)
src/lib/filter/logMessages.ts	95.65% <95.65%> (ø)

... and 4 files with indirect coverage changes