fix(emit): eliminate multiple cache files getting out of sync and fix racy emit

[dsherret]

1. Uses an sqlite database file to store the emit cache to eliminate multiple cache files getting out of sync.
2. The result of checking the emit is stored in memory and if valid is kept in memory then used in the rest of the emit. This prevents consulting the file system to check if the cache is valid and then reading from the file system later when the cache may no longer be valid, which was racy.

Supersedes #13303.

Closes #13302

WIP though basically done. I could do way more cleanup and have a better design, but wanted to make the minimal changes possible.

TODO:

• Ensure all calls to get_emit_data verify the source. Maybe an API change would be good to force this (ex. ProcState's SourceMapGetter impl right now retrieves the source map from the cache, but doesn't do any source checks on it). I think though it probably needs more rework in that area and I will have to read the code more.
• coverage's cover_files does not verify the retrieved emit text is for the source

[stale]

This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed in 7 days if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.

[jespertheend]

Any updates on this? I'm hoping this will fix #12126

[KnorpelSenf]

Potentially fixes #14206, as well.

[stale]

This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had recent activity. It will be closed in 7 days if no further activity occurs. Thank you for your contributions.

[dsherret]

Closing because this is really out of date. I added an EmitCache trait in #14925 (merged) and will follow up with another PR in a few weeks (before 1.24) that uses the sql cache from this PR (along with doing the same in /x/deno_cache).