Add a simple test that reproduces bad codegen

src/tests/JIT/Directed/ConstantFolding/folding_extends_int32_on_64_bit_hosts.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+public class FoldingExtendsInt32On64BitHostsTest
+{
+    // On 64 bit hosts, 32 bit constants are stored as 64 bit signed values.
+    // gtFoldExpr failed to properly truncate the folded value to 32 bits when
+    // the host was 64 bit and the target - 32 bit. Thus local assertion prop
+    // got the "poisoned" value, which lead to silent bad codegen.
+
+    public static int Main()
+    {
+        var r1 = 31;
+        // "Poisoned" value.
+        var s1 = 0b11 << r1;
+
+        if (s1 == 0b11 << 31)
+        {
+            return 100;
+        }
+
+        // Just so that Roslyn actually uses locals.
+        Use(s1);
+        Use(r1);
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private static void Use(int a) { }
+}

src/tests/JIT/Directed/ConstantFolding/folding_extends_int32_on_64_bit_hosts.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <Optimize>True</Optimize>
+    <DebugType>None</DebugType>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="$(MSBuildProjectName).cs" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>