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[DOCS] Refactor quick start guide and README (#71331) (#71937)
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Changes:

* Refactors the "Getting Started" content down to one page.
* Refactors the README to reduce duplicated content and better mirror
Kibana's.
* Focuses the quick start on time series data, including data streams
and runtime fields.
* Streamlines self-managed install instructions to Docker.

Co-authored-by: debadair <debadair@elastic.co>
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@jrodewig @debadair
jrodewig and debadair authored Apr 20, 2021
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245 changes: 56 additions & 189 deletions README.asciidoc
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= Elasticsearch

== A Distributed RESTful Search Engine
Elasticsearch is the distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine at the
heart of the https://www.elastic.co/products[Elastic Stack]. You can use
Elasticsearch to store, search, and manage data for:

=== https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch[https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch]
* Logs
* Metrics
* A search backend
* Application monitoring
* Endpoint security
Elasticsearch is a distributed RESTful search engine built for the cloud. Features include:
\... and more!

* Distributed and Highly Available Search Engine.
** Each index is fully sharded with a configurable number of shards.
** Each shard can have one or more replicas.
** Read / Search operations performed on any of the replica shards.
* Multi-tenant.
** Support for more than one index.
** Index level configuration (number of shards, index storage, etc.).
* Various set of APIs
** HTTP RESTful API
** All APIs perform automatic node operation rerouting.
* Document oriented
** No need for upfront schema definition.
** Schema can be defined for customization of the indexing process.
* Reliable, Asynchronous Write Behind for long term persistency.
* Near real-time search.
* Built on top of Apache Lucene
** Each shard is a fully functional Lucene index
** All the power of Lucene easily exposed through simple configuration and plugins.
* Per operation consistency
** Single document-level operations are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable.
To learn more about Elasticsearch's features and capabilities, see our
https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch[product page].

== Getting Started
[[get-started]]
== Get started

First of all, DON'T PANIC. It will take 5 minutes to get the gist of what Elasticsearch is all about.
The simplest way to set up Elasticsearch is to create a managed deployment with
https://www.elastic.co/cloud/as-a-service[Elasticsearch Service on Elastic
Cloud].

=== Installation
If you prefer to install and manage Elasticsearch yourself, you can download
the latest version from
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch[elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch].

* https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch[Download] and unpack the Elasticsearch official distribution.
* Run `bin/elasticsearch` on Linux or macOS. Run `bin\elasticsearch.bat` on Windows.
* Run `curl -X GET http://localhost:9200/` to verify Elasticsearch is running.
For more installation options, see the
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/install-elasticsearch.html[Elasticsearch installation
documentation].

For more options, see
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/starting-elasticsearch.html[Starting
Elasticsearch].
[[upgrade]]
== Upgrade

=== Indexing
To upgrade from an earlier version of Elasticsearch, see the
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setup-upgrade.html[Elasticsearch upgrade
documentation].

First, index some sample JSON documents. The first request automatically creates
the `my-index-000001` index.

----
curl -X POST 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_doc?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"@timestamp": "2099-11-15T13:12:00",
"message": "GET /search HTTP/1.1 200 1070000",
"user": {
"id": "kimchy"
}
}'
curl -X POST 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_doc?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"@timestamp": "2099-11-15T14:12:12",
"message": "GET /search HTTP/1.1 200 1070000",
"user": {
"id": "elkbee"
}
}'
curl -X POST 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_doc?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"@timestamp": "2099-11-15T01:46:38",
"message": "GET /search HTTP/1.1 200 1070000",
"user": {
"id": "elkbee"
}
}'
----

=== Search

Next, use a search request to find any documents with a `user.id` of `kimchy`.

----
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_search?q=user.id:kimchy&pretty=true'
----

Instead of a query string, you can use Elasticsearch's
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl.html[Query
DSL] in the request body.

----
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"query" : {
"match" : { "user.id": "kimchy" }
}
}'
----

You can also retrieve all documents in `my-index-000001`.

----
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"query" : {
"match_all" : {}
}
}'
----

During indexing, Elasticsearch automatically mapped the `@timestamp` field as a
date. This lets you run a range search.

----
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"query" : {
"range" : {
"@timestamp": {
"from": "2099-11-15T13:00:00",
"to": "2099-11-15T14:00:00"
}
}
}
}'
----

=== Multiple indices

Elasticsearch supports multiple indices. The previous examples used an index
called `my-index-000001`. You can create another index, `my-index-000002`, to
store additional data when `my-index-000001` reaches a certain age or size. You
can also use separate indices to store different types of data.

You can configure each index differently. The following request
creates `my-index-000002` with two primary shards rather than the default of
one. This may be helpful for larger indices.

----
curl -X PUT 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000002?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"settings" : {
"index.number_of_shards" : 2
}
}'
----

You can then add a document to `my-index-000002`.

----
curl -X POST 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000002/_doc?pretty' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"@timestamp": "2099-11-16T13:12:00",
"message": "GET /search HTTP/1.1 200 1070000",
"user": {
"id": "kimchy"
}
}'
----

You can search and perform other operations on multiple indices with a single
request. The following request searches `my-index-000001` and `my-index-000002`.

----
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/my-index-000001,my-index-000002/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"query" : {
"match_all" : {}
}
}'
----

You can omit the index from the request path to search all indices.

----
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty=true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '
{
"query" : {
"match_all" : {}
}
}'
----

=== Distributed, highly available

Let's face it; things will fail...

Elasticsearch is a highly available and distributed search engine. Each index is broken down into shards, and each shard can have one or more replicas. By default, an index is created with 1 shard and 1 replica per shard (1/1). Many topologies can be used, including 1/10 (improve search performance) or 20/1 (improve indexing performance, with search executed in a MapReduce fashion across shards).

To play with the distributed nature of Elasticsearch, bring more nodes up and shut down nodes. The system will continue to serve requests (ensure you use the correct HTTP port) with the latest data indexed.

=== Where to go from here?

We have just covered a tiny portion of what Elasticsearch is all about. For more information, please refer to the https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch[elastic.co] website. General questions can be asked on the https://discuss.elastic.co[Elastic Forum] or https://ela.st/slack[on Slack]. The Elasticsearch GitHub repository is reserved for bug reports and feature requests only.

=== Building from source
[[build-source]]
== Build from source

Elasticsearch uses https://gradle.org[Gradle] for its build system.

To build a distribution for your local OS and print its output location upon
To build a distribution for your local OS and print its output location upon
completion, run:
----
./gradlew localDistro
./gradlew localDistro
----

To build a distribution for another platform, run the related command:
Expand All @@ -214,10 +60,31 @@ To build distributions for all supported platforms, run:
./gradlew assemble
----

Finished distributions are output to `distributions/archives`.
Distributions are output to `distributions/archives`.

To run the test suite, see xref:TESTING.asciidoc[TESTING].

[[docs]]
== Documentation

For the complete Elasticsearch documentation visit
https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html[elastic.co].

For information about our documentation processes, see the
xref:docs/README.asciidoc[docs README].

[[contribute]]
== Contribute

For contribution guidelines, see xref:CONTRIBUTING.md[CONTRIBUTING].

See the xref:TESTING.asciidoc[TESTING] for more information about running the Elasticsearch test suite.
[[questions]]
== Questions? Problems? Suggestions?

=== Upgrading from older Elasticsearch versions
* To report a bug or request a feature, create a
https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/new/choose[GitHub Issue]. Please
ensure someone else hasn't created an issue for the same topic.

To ensure a smooth upgrade process from earlier versions of Elasticsearch, please see our https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/setup-upgrade.html[upgrade documentation] for more details on the upgrade process.
* Need help using Elasticsearch? Reach out on the
https://discuss.elastic.co[Elastic Forum] or https://ela.st/slack[Slack]. A
fellow community member or Elastic engineer will be happy to help you out.
30 changes: 0 additions & 30 deletions docs/build.gradle
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -372,36 +372,6 @@ buildRestTests.setups['user_hits'] = '''
{"index":{}}
{"timestamp": "2019-01-03T13:00:00", "user_id": "4"}'''


// Fake bank account data used by getting-started.asciidoc
buildRestTests.setups['bank'] = '''
- do:
indices.create:
index: bank
body:
settings:
number_of_shards: 5
number_of_routing_shards: 5
- do:
bulk:
index: bank
refresh: true
body: |
#bank_data#
'''
/* Load the actual accounts only if we're going to use them. This complicates
* dependency checking but that is a small price to pay for not building a
* 400kb string every time we start the build. */
File accountsFile = new File("$projectDir/src/test/resources/accounts.json")
buildRestTests.inputs.file(accountsFile)
buildRestTests.doFirst {
String accounts = accountsFile.getText('UTF-8')
// Indent like a yaml test needs
accounts = accounts.replaceAll('(?m)^', ' ')
buildRestTests.setups['bank'] =
buildRestTests.setups['bank'].replace('#bank_data#', accounts)
}

// Used by sampler and diversified-sampler aggregation docs
buildRestTests.setups['stackoverflow'] = '''
- do:
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