dna

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dart native access. A lightweight dart to native super channel plugin, You can use it to invoke any native code directly in dart code.

Supported Platform(Language):

• iOS(Objective-C)
• Android(Java)

The primary scenario:

• Implement some simple channels directly in dart code;
• Native code that are calling using dna can also be hot-reloaded.

Add dependency

1. Add folllowing code to the pubspec.yaml file in your flutter project:

   dependencies:
   dna:
   	git:git@github.com:Assuner-Lee/dna.git
   

   Reference: https://flutter.dev/docs/development/packages-and-plugins/using-packages

2. import header file in dart code:

   import 'package:dna/dna.dart';
   

3. add gradle dependency in Android project:

   implementation 'me.ele:dna-annotations:1.2.0'
   annotationProcessor 'me.ele:dna-compiler:1.2.0'
   

4. add following conconfiguration in Android project's proguard-rules

   -keep class **.Dna_Class_Proxy { *; }
   -keep class me.ele.dna_compiler.**  { *; }
   -keep class me.ele.dna.**  { *; }
   

Usage

Main class

• NativeContext: You can use it to describe Native code by Dart code, then call context.execute() to execute the final Native code on associated platform and get the returned value.

• NativeObject: Used to identify the native variable. The caller NativeObject can call the invoke method to pass in the method name and the parameter array args list in the context of the NativeContext to get the return value NativeObject object.

The API of NativeContext is consistent. Now we will make a detailed introduction for call ObjC using ObjCContext, Then call Java using JAVAContext.

Call ObjC using Dart

ObjCContext is the final executor on iOS platform.

Context call supported

Returned value as caller

ObjC code

NSString *versionString = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
// Return versionString using fluter channel

Dart code

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
NativeObject UIDevice = context.classFromString('UIDevice');
NativeObject device = UIDevice.invoke(method: 'currentDevice');
NativeObject version = device.invoke(method: 'systemVersion');

context.returnVar = version; // Can be omitted, See:Quick use of instantiated objects in JSON supported

// Get native execution results directly
var versionString = await context.execute(); 

Returned value as parameters

ObjC code

NSString *versionString = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
NSString *platform = @"iOS-";
versionString = [platform stringByAppendingString: versionString];

// Return versionString using fluter channel

Dart code

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
NativeClass UIDevice = context.classFromString('UIDevice');
NativeObject device = UIDevice.invoke(method: 'currentDevice');
NativeObject version = device.invoke(method: 'systemVersion');
NativeObject platform = context.classFromString("NSString").invoke(method: 'stringWithString:', args: ['iOS-']);
version = platform.invoke(method: 'stringByAppendingString:', args: [version]);

context.returnVar = version; // Can be omitted, See:Quick use of instantiated objects in JSON supported

// Get native execution results directly
var versionString = await context.execute(); 

Chaining calls supported

ObjC code

NSString *versionString = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
versionString = [@"iOS-" stringByAppendingString: versionString];

// Return versionString using fluter channel

Dart code

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
NativeObject version = context.classFromString('UIDevice').invoke(method: 'currentDevice').invoke(method: 'systemVersion');
version = context.classFromString("NSString").invoke(method: 'stringWithString:', args: ['iOS-']).invoke(method: 'stringByAppendingString:', args: [version]);

context.returnVar = version; // Can be omitted, See:Quick use of instantiated objects in JSON supported


// Get native execution results directly
var versionString = await context.execute(); 

Something about the final returned value of the context

context.returnVar is the marker of the final returned value of context.

1. When setting context.returnVar, you can get the Native variable corresponding to the NativeObject;
2. Without setting context.returnVar, execute to the last invoke, if there is a return value, it will be the final returned value of context; if not, it will return a null value.

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
context.classFromString('UIDevice').invoke(method: 'currentDevice').invoke(method: 'systemVersion');

// Get native execution results directly
var versionString = await context.execute(); 

Quick use of instantiated objects in JSON supported

Sometimes, we need to directly instantiate an object with JSON.

ObjC code

ClassA *objectA = [ClassA new]; 
objectA.a = 1;
objectA.b = @"sss";

Dart code

One way

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
NativeObject objectA = context.classFromString('ClassA').invoke(method: 'new');
objectA.invoke(method: 'setA:', args: [1]);
objectA.invoke(method: 'setB:', args: ['sss']);

The other way

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
NativeObject objectA = context.newNativeObjectFromJSON({'a':1,'b':'sss'}, 'ClassA');

Call Java using Dart

JAVAContext is the final executor on Android platform, it has all the fetures that ObjCContext have.

• Context call supported;
• Chaining calls supported;
• Quick use of instantiated objects in JSON supported.

In addition, it additionally supports the instantiation of an object from the constructor.

The instantiation of an object from the constructor supported

Java code

String platform = new String("android");

Dart code

NativeObject version = context
            .newJavaObjectFromConstructor('java.lang.String', ["android "])

Fast organization of dual platform code

We provide you with a quick way to initialize and execute context:

static Future<Object> traversingNative(ObjCContextBuilder(ObjCContext objcContext), JAVAContextBuilder(JAVAContext javaContext)) async {
    NativeContext nativeContext;
    if (Platform.isIOS) {
      nativeContext = ObjCContext();
      ObjCContextBuilder(nativeContext);
    } else if (Platform.isAndroid) {
      nativeContext = JAVAContext();
      JAVAContextBuilder(nativeContext);
    }
    return executeNativeContext(nativeContext);
}

So you can write the native call of two platforms quickly:

platformVersion = await Dna.traversingNative((ObjCContext context) {
    NativeObject version = context.classFromString('UIDevice').invoke(method: 'currentDevice').invoke(method: 'systemVersion');
    version = context.classFromString("NSString").invoke(method: 'stringWithString:', args: ['iOS-']).invoke(method: 'stringByAppendingString:', args: [version]);
    
    context.returnVar = version; // Can be omitted
}, (JAVAContext context) {
    NativeObject versionId = context.newJavaObjectFromConstructor('com.example.dna_example.DnaTest', null).invoke(method: 'getDnaVersion').invoke(method: 'getVersion');
    NativeObject version = context.newJavaObjectFromConstructor('java.lang.String', ["android "]).invoke(method: "concat", args: [versionId]);
    
    context.returnVar = version; // Can be omitted
});

Principle introduction

dna does not involve the transformation from a dart object to a native object, it also does not care about the life cycle of the native object, but focuses on describing the context of native method calls, When context.execute() called, a native method is called through channel, and the call stack is passed in the form of JSON for native dynamic parsing and calling.

for example, Let's take a look at the previous Dart code:

ObjCContext context = ObjCContext();
NativeObject version = context.classFromString('UIDevice').invoke(method: 'currentDevice').invoke(method: 'systemVersion');
version = context.classFromString("NSString").invoke(method: 'stringWithString:', args: ['iOS-']).invoke(method: 'stringByAppendingString:', args: [version]);

context.returnVar = version; // Can be omitted, See: Quick use of instantiated objects in JSON supported

// Get native execution results directly
var versionString = await context.execute(); 

What the execute() method of NativeContext actually called is the following method:

static Future<Object> executeNativeContext(NativeContext context) async {
    return await _channel.invokeMethod('executeNativeContext', context.toJSON());
}

In the native executed method corresponding to the executeNativeContext method, the received 'JSON' is as follows:

{
	"_objectJSONWrappers": [],
	"returnVar": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_WyWRIsLl"
	},
	"_invocationNodes": [{
		"returnVar": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_KNWtiPuM"
		},
		"object": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_qyfACNGb",
			"clsName": "UIDevice"
		},
		"method": "currentDevice"
	}, {
		"returnVar": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_haPktBlL"
		},
		"object": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_KNWtiPuM"
		},
		"method": "systemVersion"
	}, {
		"object": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_UAUcgnOD",
			"clsName": "NSString"
		},
		"method": "stringWithString:",
		"args": ["iOS-"],
		"returnVar": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_UiCMaHAN"
		}
	}, {
		"object": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_UiCMaHAN"
		},
		"method": "stringByAppendingString:",
		"args": [{
			"_objectId": "_objectId_haPktBlL"
		}],
		"returnVar": {
			"_objectId": "_objectId_WyWRIsLl"
		}
	}]
}

Then we maintain an objectsInContextMap on the native side, its key is objectId, and the value is native object.

_invocationNodes is the call context of the method, let's take a look at one of them.

Here we will dynamically call [UIDevice currentDevice], and return the object to objectsInContextMap with _objectId_KNWtiPuM stored in returnVar as the key.

{
	"returnVar": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_KNWtiPuM"
	},
	"object": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_qyfACNGb",
		"clsName": "UIDevice"
	},
	"method": "currentDevice"
 },

Here, the object _objectId_KNWtiPuM is the returned value of the previous method. Take it out from the objectsInContextMap, continue the dynamic call, and store the new returned value with the _objectId of the returnVar as the key.

{
	"returnVar": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_haPktBlL"
	},
	"object": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_KNWtiPuM" // Will find the real object in objectsInContextMap
	},
	"method": "systemVersion"
}

dna supports automatic package loading and unpacking when the method has parameters, such as int<->NSNumber, If the parameter is not one of the 15 basic types specified by channel but NativeObject, we will find the object from objectsInContextMap and put it into the actual parameter list.

{
	"object": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_UiCMaHAN"
	},
	"method": "stringByAppendingString:",
	"args": [{
		"_objectId": "_objectId_haPktBlL" // Will find the real object in objectsInContextMap
	}],
	"returnVar": {
		"_objectId": "_objectId_WyWRIsLl"
}

If final returnVar is set, The object corresponding to the returnVar objectId will be found from the objectsInContextMap and called back as the return value of the channel , if not, take the return value of the last invocation(if any).

Author

• yongguang.lyg@alibaba-inc.com
• zhengguang.zzg@alibaba-inc.com
• zyd178591@alibaba-inc.com

Change log

version	note
0.1.0	alpha version

License

dna is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.

Other Tips

• Code warehouse will be migrated to eleme in the near future;
• You are welcome to star, issue and PR.